Volume 7, No. 21 August 10, 1998
43°F 50°F
Current DD accumulations (Geneva 1/1-8/10): 2742 1880
(Geneva 1997 1/1-8/10): 2263 1509
(Geneva "Normal" 1/1-8/10): 2410 1739
(Highland 1/1-8/10): 3061 2124
Coming Events: Ranges:
Codling moth 2nd flight peaks 1587-3103 1061-2212
Comstock mealybug 2nd gen crawlers subside 2740-1766 1818-1934
Lesser appleworm 2nd flight peaks 2961-3328 1927-2359
Obliquebanded leafroller 2nd flight peaks 2634-3267 1789-2231
Oriental fruit moth 3rd flight peaks 2389-3267 1660-2326
Peachtree borer flight subsides 2230-3255 1497-2309
Redbanded leafroller 3rd flight peaks 2514-3225 1818-2625
San Jose scale 2nd flight subsides 2494-3257 1662-2302
Spotted tentiform leafminer 3rd flight peaks 2415-3142 1728-2231
TRAP CATCHES (Number/trap/day)
Geneva:
7/27 7/30 8/3 8/6 8/10
Spotted Tentiform Leafminer 9.7 807 12.1 66 91
Redbanded Leafroller 1.0 1.2 0.1 0 0.1
Oriental Fruit Moth (apple) 0.6 2.7 1.3 2.5 2.6
Lesser Appleworm 0.9 1.5 1.1 1.5 3.4
Codling Moth 2.9 2.8 0.3 1.5 10.6
San Jose Scale 9.0 37.3 1.6 6.3 9.0
American Plum Borer 2.5 2.5 0.9 2.2 0.9
Lesser Peachtree Borer 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.9
Peachtree Borer 0.2 0 0.3 0 0
Obliquebanded Leafroller 0.1* 0 0 0.2 0.4
Apple Maggot 0 0.3 0 0.1 0.08
Highland (Dick Straub, Peter Jentsch):
7/13 7/20 7/27 8/3 8/10
Spotted Tentiform Leafminer 13.6 26.9 45.1 25.9 19.6
Redbanded Leafroller 1.0 1.7 0.4 0 0.4
Oriental Fruit Moth 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.4 0.4
Lesser Appleworm 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.5
Codling Moth 0.5 2.3 3.4 8.3 0.9
Obliquebanded Leafroller 0.1 0 0.1 0.1 0.1
Variegated Leafroller 0.1 0 0.6 0.7 1.1
Tufted apple budmoth 1.9 0.3 0 0.1 1.2
Fruittree Leafroller 0 0 0 0 0
Sparganothis Fruitworm 0 0 0.1 0.4 0.5
Apple Maggot 0.14 0.2 0 0.09 0.2
* = 1st catch
PEST FOCUS
Geneva: Spotted Tentiform Leafminer 3rd flight beginning 8/6.
Oriental Fruit Moth, Lesser Appleworm and Codling Moth trap
catches increasing.
San Jose Scale increasing.
Highland: Apple Maggot trap catches increasing.
by Art Agnello
Entomology, Geneva
As the apple insect season winds down, don't neglect the possibility of the traditional eleventh-hour infestations that can complicate picking efforts and add to the stress on trees that are preparing for their transition to the cooler, non-productive days of fall. We have already seen a few infestations of woolly apple aphids in selected plantings, and the weather in coming days is forecast to remain favorable for their buildup.
Aerial colony of wingless adult female woolly apple aphids
Judge the severity of any infestations in your trees, plus the projected harvest dates, and if needed, select a suitable material keeping in mind the respective PHI: Penncap-M (14 or 21 days PHI), Thiodan (21 days), or Lorsban (28 days). Penncap-M and Lorsban will also control apple maggot. This is also prime time for an increase in nymphal populations of white apple leafhopper; an average of more than 2 per leaf can be addressed using Provado (7 days PHI), Sevin (1 day), the aforementioned Thiodan, Lannate (14 days), or Carzol (7 days).
Newly hatched white appple leafhopper nymph
Apple spotted by dried honeydew produced by white apple leafhopper feeding
Provado and Lannate will also help out on any 3rd brood leafminers and green aphids, Sevin and Lannate will help control apple maggot, and of course Carzol is active against motile mites, although these should be packing it in on their own by now.
The appearance of some unsightly webbing in a few trees here and there reminds us of the current activities of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, a tiger moth (Arctiidae) whose larva feeds on almost all shade, fruit, and ornamental trees except conifers. This is a widespread defoliator that exhibits a preference for American elm, maples and hickory in this region, but a season with sparse OP sprays for apple maggot can bring the local populations into full view on apples and cherries. Adult females, white moths with a few dark spots and a 1-inch wingspan, deposit eggs in early spring, and the yellowish tan larvae pass through many instars (10-11) feeding within a large, compact web they produce that often encloses a whole limb of foliage. When disturbed, all the larvae in the web make jerky movements in perfect rhythm, possibly as a defense mechanism. According to Warren Johnson ("Insects that Feed on Trees and Shrubs"), nests of the fall webworm may be cut out of small trees and destroyed; alternatively, an application of a B.t. material can be effective. This insect is detrimental mainly to the beauty of the host and is thus more a nuisance than a threat to the tree's health.
The NY IPM Program has just published a new Fact Sheet on "Phytophagous Mirid Bugs" by David Kain and Joseph Kovach (Insect Identification Sheet No. I-25). This 4-page publication features descriptions of the life history of two increasingly important apple pests in our region: mullein plant bug, Campylomma verbasci, and apple brown bug, Atractotomus mali. Included are notes on monitoring and management guidelines, and color photos of the insects, their damage, and their hosts. Copies can be purchased for $2.00 through Cornell University, Media and Technology Services Resource Center, 7 Cornell Business & Technology Park, Ithaca, NY 14850. Phone 607-255-2080; FAX: 607-255-9946. E-mail: Dist_Center@cce.cornell.edu.
Scaffolds is published weekly from March to September by Cornell University - NYS Agricultural Experiment Station (Geneva), and Ithaca - with the assistance of Cornell Cooperative Extension. New York field reports welcomed. Send submissions by 3 p.m. Monday to:
Scaffolds Fruit Journal
Editors: A. Agnello, D. Kain
Department of Entomology, NYSAES
Geneva, NY 14456-0462
Phone: 315-787-2341
FAX:315-787-2326
E-mail: ama4@cornell.edu
NOTE: Every effort has been made to provide correct, complete and up-to-date pesticide recommendations. Nevertheless, changes in pesticide regulations occur constantly, and human errors are possible. These recommendations are not a substitute for pesticide labelling. Please read the label before applying any pesticide.
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Photographs courtesy of New York State Integrated Pest Management Program