Volume 7, No. 26 September 14, 1998
COMING EVENTS
43°F 50°F
Current DD accumulations (Geneva 1/1-9/14): 3582 2477
(Geneva 1997 1/1-9/14): 3023 2026
(Geneva "Normal" 1/1-9/14): 3235 2328
Coming Events: Ranges:
Apple maggot flight subsides 2764-3656 1904-2573
Codling moth 2nd flight subsides 2782-3693 1796-2635
Lesser appleworm 2nd flight subsides 2775-3466 2002-2460
Obliquebanded leafroller 2nd flight subsides 2809-3656 1930-2573
Oriental fruit moth 3rd flight subsides 2987-3522 2018-2377
San Jose scale 2nd flight subsides 2494-3257 1662-2302
Spotted tentiform leafminer 3rd flight subsides 3235-3471 2228-2472
TRAP CATCHES (Number/trap/day)
Geneva:
8/20 8/24 8/31 9/8 9/14
Spotted Tentiform Leafminer 352 107 73.3 7.9 24.8
Redbanded Leafroller 0.5 0.1 0.3 0 0
Oriental Fruit Moth (apple) 5.5 2.8 4.3 4.6 4.3
Lesser Appleworm 3.0 1.5 0.7 4.3 6.7
Codling Moth 2.2 1.4 6.4 0.7 0.2
San Jose Scale 1.3 0.6 2.9 0.4 1.0
American Plum Borer 0.3 0.9 0.4 0.06 0
Lesser Peachtree Borer 0.3 0.4 0.9 0.06 0
Obliquebanded Leafroller 0.3 0 0 0.1 0
Apple Maggot 0.1 0 0 0.04 0
Highland (Dick Straub, Peter Jentsch):
8/3 8/10 8/25 8/31
Spotted Tentiform Leafminer 25.9 19.6 11.3 15.3
Redbanded Leafroller 0 0.4 3.6 4.3
Oriental Fruit Moth 0.4 0.4 0 0.1
Lesser Appleworm 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.4
Codling Moth 8.3 0.9 1.0 0.1
Obliquebanded Leafroller 0.1 0.1 0 0
Variegated Leafroller 0.7 1.1 1.0 0.5
Tufted apple budmoth 0.1 1.2 1.1 0.7
Fruittree Leafroller 0 0 0 0
Sparganothis Fruitworm 0.4 0.5 1.6 1.7
Apple Maggot 0.09 0.2 0.3 0.14
by Dave Kain
Entomology, Geneva
Some of the most frequent comments and questions directed our way over the course of the season during a given year have to do with "how we're doing" on pest and tree development in comparison with last year, or with a "normal" year. I'm sure it comes as no surprise to anyone that this season got off to a roaring start with highs in the 80's recorded in March. Most years those big early-season accumulations of degree days tend to disapperar over the course of the season. This year, however, as has been noted in Scaffolds, we were about 10-14 days ahead of normal the entire season. Following are comparative listings of some of the pest events that occured this season (in Geneva) with calendar and degree-day normals. The values and dates are given +/- one standard deviation; i.e., events should occur within the stated range approximately 7 years out of 10. An asterisk (*) signifies that a record was set or tied. Datewise, many records for early occurrence were set this season. Howver, degree day predictions were pretty much on the money, providing a good example of the value of using degree days, over date, to predict pest events.
DATE DEGREE DAYS (BASE 43°F)
______________________ ______________________
EVENT Normal (+/-days) 1998 Normal (+/-DD) 1998
APPLE MAGGOT
1st catch 28-Jun (+/-8) 22-Jun 1352 (+/-169) 1380
Peak 5-Aug (+/-14) 14-Aug 2395 (+/-219) 2843
Subsiding 4-Sep (+/-9) 8-Sep 3109 (+/-299) 3466
AMERICAN PLUM BORER
1st catch 18-May (+/-7) 7-May 424 (+/-110) 453
1st flight peak 3-Jun (+/-6) 29-May 710 (+/-148) 900
1st flight subsides 29-Jun (+/-7) 22-Jun 1367 (+/-214) 1380
2nd flight start 11-Jul (+/-4) 2-Jul* 1615 (+/-245) 1665
2nd flight peak 27-Jul (+/-6) 27-Jul 2177 (+/-223) 2341
2nd flight subsides 14-Sep (+/-8) 8-Sep 3397 (+/-242) 3466
CODLING MOTH
1st catch 19-May (+/-8) 7-May 483 (+/-104) 453
1st flight peak 4-Jun (+/-11) 29-May 799 (+/-190) 900
2nd flight start 18-Jul (+/-15) 25-Jun* 1875 (+/-345) 1471
2nd flight peak 8-Aug (+/-13) 25-Jun* 2449 (+/-406) 1471*
2nd flight subsides 9-Sep (+/-14) 3-Aug* 3269 (+/-352) 2518*
GREEN FRUITWORM
1st catch 4-Apr (+/-9) 2-Apr 85 (+/-35) 173
Peak 14-Apr (+/-11) 2-Apr 141 (+/-55) 173
Subsides 7-May (+/-11) 4-May 346 (+/-111) 400
LESSER APPLEWORM
1st catch 11-May (+/-9) 4-May 394 (+/-155) 400
1st flight peak 23-May (+/-7) 18-May 581 (+/-173) 673
1st flight subsides 20-Jun (+/-9) 22-Jun 1174 (+/-243) 1380
2nd flight starts 10-Jul (+/-13) 13-Jul 1626 (+/-393) 1931
2nd flight peak 9-Sep (+/-14) 14-Aug* 3111 (+/-180) 2843*
LESSER PEACHTREE BORER
1st catch 26-May (+/-9) 7-May* 579 (+/-150) 453
Flight peak 28-Jun (+/-19) 26-May* 1325 (+/-474) 829
Flight subsides 9-Sep (+/-7) 3129 (+/-224)
MULLEIN PLANT BUG
1st hatch 12-May (+/-9) 29-Apr* 368 (+/-53) 322
90% hatch 26-May (+/-7) 12-May* 560 (+/-75) 532
OBLIQUEBANDED LEAFROLLER
1st catch 11-Jun (+/-5) 29-May* 921 (+/-87) 900
1st flight peak 20-Jun (+/-9) 29-May* 1150 (+/-193) 900
2nd flight begins 7-Aug (+/-10) 6-Aug 2501 (+/-189) 2610
2nd flight peak 21-Aug (+/-12) 24-Aug 2875 (+/-173) 2742
ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH
1st catch 1-May (+/-8) 13-Apr* 293 (+/-95) 199
1st flight peak 14-May (+/-11) 30-Apr* 426 (+/-96) 334
2nd flight begins 1-Jul (+/-6) 29-Jun 1437 (+/-155) 1588
2nd flight peak 9-Jul (+/-11) 29-Jun 1765 (+/-404) 1588
3rd flight begins 10-Aug (+/-9) 30-Jul 2533 (+/-245) 2428
3rd flight peak 24-Aug (+/-16) 14-Aug 2890 (+/-309) 2843
PEACHTREE BORER
1st catch 16-Jun (+/-11) 9-Jun 1030 (+/-285) 1065
Flight peak 6-Jul (+/-20) 25-Jun 1546 (+/-495) 1471
Flight subsides 23-Aug (+/-13) 6-Aug* 2812 (+/-307) 2610
REDBANDED LEAFROLLER
1st catch 18-Apr (+/-7) 2-Apr 181 (+/-84) 173
1st flight peak 4-May (+/-9) 4-May 307 (+/-83) 400
2nd flight begins 2-Jul (+/-6) 25-Jun 1481 (+/-224) 1471
2nd flight peak 13-Jul (+/-7) 6-Jul* 1775 (+/-289) 1758
2nd flight subsides 4-Aug (+/-12) 6-Aug 2375 (+/-264) 2610
3rd flight begins 20-Aug (+/-11) 10-Aug 2773 (+/-173) 2742
SAN JOSE SCALE - adult males
1st catch 17-May (+/-8) 11-May 481 (+/-115) 520
1st flight peak 31-May (+/-7) 18-May* 672 (+/-50) 673
2nd flight start 14-Jul (+/-11) 25-Jun* 1676 (+/-177) 1471
2nd flight peak 8-Aug (+/-10) 30-Jul 2303 (+/-234) 2428
SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER
1st catch 19-Apr (+/-7) 2-Apr* 175 (+/-65) 173
1st flight peak 7-May (+/-7) 4-May 335 (+/-86) 400
2nd flight begins 15-Jun (+/-7) 11-Jun 1067 (+/-124) 1105
2nd flight peak 8-Jul (+/-11) 18-Jun 1630 (+/-246) 1266*
3rd flight begins 7-Aug (+/-7) 3-Aug 2510 (+/-170) 2518
3rd flight peak 22-Aug (+/-9) 17-Aug 2861 (+/-207) 2932
DATE DEGREE DAYS (BASE 43°F)
CROP ______________________ _______________________
PHENOLOGY Normal (+/-days) 1998 Normal (+/-DD) 1998
APPLE (MCINTOSH)
Green tip 11-Apr (+/-6) 30-Mar* 113 (+/-39) 112
Half-inch green 21-Apr (+/-8) 6-Apr* 173 (+/-27) 178
Tight cluster 27-Apr (+/-7) 16-Apr* 230 (+/-21) 227
Pink 4-May (+/-7) 27-Apr 300 (+/-30) 318
Bloom 10-May (+/-7) 4-May 387 (+/-52) 400
Petal fall 18-May (+/-7) 11-May* 496 (+/-46) 520
PEAR (BARTLETT)
Bud burst 22-Apr (+/-7) 6-Apr* 166 (+/-49) 178
Green cluster 1-May (+/-7) 16-Apr* 241 (+/-29) 227
White bud 5-May (+/-8) 23-Apr 300 (+/-47) 291
Bloom 8-May (+/-8) 27-Apr 350 (+/-51) 318
Petal fall 16-May (+/-8) 7-May 443 (+/-57) 453
SWEET CHERRY (WINDSOR)
Bud burst 22-Apr (+/-9) 2-Apr* 173 (+/-26) 173
White bud 30-Apr (+/-7) 13-Apr* 220 (+/-28) 199
Bloom 5-May (+/-7) 20-Apr* 267 (+/-33) 266
Petal fall 13-May (+/-6) 4-May* 382 (+/-52) 400
Fruit set 17-May (+/-6) 7-May* 444 (+/-47) 453
TART CHERRY (MONTMORENCY)
Bud burst 27-Apr (+/-7) 16-Apr 213 (+/-41) 227
White bud 7-May (+/-8) 20-Apr* 278 (+/-22) 266
Bloom 11-May (+/-6) 27-Apr* 360 (+/-52) 318
Petal fall 19-May (+/-6) 11-May* 468 (+/-56) 520
Fruit set 26-May (+/-7) 15-May* 561 (+/-56) 590
Scaffolds is published weekly from March to September by Cornell University - NYS Agricultural Experiment Station (Geneva), and Ithaca - with the assistance of Cornell Cooperative Extension. New York field reports welcomed. Send submissions by 3 p.m. Monday to:
Scaffolds Fruit Journal
Editors: A. Agnello, D. Kain
Department of Entomology, NYSAES
Geneva, NY 14456-0462
Phone: 315-787-2341
FAX:315-787-2326
E-mail: ama4@cornell.edu
NOTE: Every effort has been made to provide correct, complete and up-to-date pesticide recommendations. Nevertheless, changes in pesticide regulations occur constantly, and human errors are possible. These recommendations are not a substitute for pesticide labelling. Please read the label before applying any pesticide.
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Photographs courtesy of New York State Integrated Pest Management Program