June 8, 2004 Volume 13 No. 12 Update on Pest Management and Crop Development
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Coming Pest Events | Pest Focus | Trap Catches | Insects
Coming Pest Events | Pest Focus | Trap Catches | Insects
Coming Pest Events | Pest Focus | Trap Catches | Insects
Highland: Pear Psylla eggs and nymphs present. Return to top
Coming Pest Events | Pest Focus | Trap Catches | Insects
Geneva Predictions: Codling Moth Obliquebanded Leafroller Oriental Fruit Moth Redbanded Leafroller San Jose Scale Spotted Tentiform Leafminer Highland Predictions: Codling Moth Lesser Appleworm Obliquebanded Leafroller Oriental Fruit Moth Redbanded Leafroller San Jose Scale Spotted Tentiform Leafminer LICKING THEIR CHOPS Obliquebanded leafroller moths have yet to be caught in Geneva, but they've been flying in the Hudson Valley since last week. Our short-term forecast for hot temperatures should coax the first adults to emerge in most sites in western NY this week. First hatch is generally assumed to occur from about 300–360 DD (base 43°F) after the flight starts, so we'll be updating you each week with values for Highland and Geneva as things get rolling. With some improved pesticide tools now available to NY growers, OBLR management has not appeared to be as much of a challenge recently as it has been in past years, although this pest has not faded into obscurity, and many of the old problem orchards can still be counted on for a reality check if we start to get complacent. Accordingly, a brief synopsis of last year's research efficacy trials would be in order. Treatments were applied with an airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gallons of water/A to plots of apple trees in a Wayne Co. orchard consisting of Jonagold and Rome cultivars. Trees were ca. 10 ft high and planted 4 x 15 ft apart. Plots were 6 to 8 successive trees long and replicated three times (2 reps in Jonagold and 1 rep in Rome). Materials were applied based on estimated DD accumulations (base temp. = 43°F) after the beginning of the summer flight of adults on 16 Jun. All applications were made after an accumulation of 630 DD (estimated 50% hatch, 8 Jul) from the start of the summer flight. These sprays were then re-applied (22 Jul) 14 days from the first application date. Fruit damage from the summer generation was estimated on 1 Aug by inspecting 200 fruit on the tree within the center of each plot. Damage was assessed as present or absent regardless of severity. Final harvest samples were taken on 2 Sep by grading 200 fruit taken from each plot and rating them according to the USDA scale of extra fancy, # 1, utility or cull. Data was subjected to an AOV and means were separated using Fisher's Protected LSD Test (p<0.05). Data was transformed Arcsin (Sqrt X) prior to analysis. Results are given in Table 1. Pressure from OBLR was relatively low compared with past years, and fruit damage levels for the summer reading had few statistical differences. The industry standards of Spintor (1.3%) and Intrepid (1.5%) had statistically comparable amounts of damage to the untreated check plot (4.2%). The final harvest reading yielded similar results for total amounts of damage found within the plots. Intrepid fared better than the other two treatments; an important note is that both insecticide treatments had significantly fewer cull and utility apples than the untreated check. These two grades represent the highest levels of damage, so the results show that both materials had an effect on the damage potential of this pest.
A second, small-plot seasonal program trial was conducted in a NYSAES research orchard, using a handgun sprayer (400 psi) and 3 replicates of 4-tree plots, arranged in a RCB design. Cultivars in the treated plots were: Empire, Cortland, Jonagold, and Delicious. Application dates included the following stages: Tight Cluster (TC), 4 April; Pink (PK), 5 May; Petal Fall (PF), 27 May; and cover sprays at 1C, 6 June; 2C, 16 Jun; 3C, 30 Jun; 4C, 14 July; 5C, 28 July; 6C, 13 August; and 7C, 26 August. One plot was sprayed on a 21, day schedule for some of the cover sprays, and these dates were: 1C, 12 June; 2C, 23 June; 3C, 14 July; 4C, 4 August; and 5C, 27 August. Fifty apples per tree were selected randomly from each of the 4 trees per replicate on 22–26 September and examined for insect damage. The results, presented in Table 2, show that OBLR pressure in the untreated check was moderate (7.4%), and all treatments except the Assail and Calypso/Avaunt programs significantly reduced damage from this pest. Calypso is a neonicotinoid not currently registered in NYS, but the 4C and 5C applications of Avaunt in July would have corresponded with the appropriate treatment window for summer OBLR larvae. GF-317 is a numbered pyrethroid compound similar to Warrior. 
Plum Curculio. We're slowly approaching the 340 DD (base 50°F) spray cutoff for this pest, and this week's temperatures are forecast to reach the high 80's at least, so it won't be long now. Our sample numbers: Albion (May 17 PF estimate) - 166 Appleton/Niagara Co. (May 20 PF estimate) - 119 Clifton Park/Capital District (May 15 PF estimate) - 323 Geneva (May 17 PF estimate) - 202 Highland (May 10 PF estimate) - 326 Lyndonville (May 17 PF estimate) - 165 Sodus (May 17 PF estimate) - 190 Williamson (May 17 PF estimate) - 165 Oriental Fruit Moth. This pest's development is tracked using a 45°F DD model from biofix, defined as the first sustained moth catch. Peach growers should have applied their second (14 days after PF) application of a pyrethroid by now for this insect (plus plum curculio).
Codling Moth. With 250 DD (base 50°F) as a first spray date, we currently have: Geneva (1st catch May 17) - 202 Albion (1st catch May 17) - 166 Williamson (1st catch May 18) - 148This material is based upon work supported by Smith Lever funds from the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Scaffolds is published weekly from March to September by Cornell University -- NYS Agricultural Experiment Station (Geneva), and Ithaca -- with the assistance of Cornell Cooperative Extension. New York field reports welcomed. Send submissions by 3 p.m. Monday to: Scaffolds
Fruit Journal Online at <http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/scaffolds/> Return to top
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