The taste sense in wine flavor
Harry T. Lawless

1. Anatomy of Taste
   The tongue has four types of papillae:
   filliform (no taste buds),
   fungiform (red bumps on front)
   foliate - grooves on sides
   and circumvallate buttons with "moats" on back.

   These are innervated by three cranial nerves:

   VI I (chorda tympani branch to fungiform)
   IX (glossopharyngeal to circumvallate)
   X vagus nerve branches to throat

   greater superficial petrosal nerve also goes to soft palate

   Taste buds contain receptor cells. Papillae may have many buds.
   Cells contact oral fluids via hairlike cilia - protrude through pores.
   Buds contain 30 - 50 cells, die in about a week/replaced.