Susan Brown
Professor
Department of Horticultural Sciences

Address, Phone, Fax

E-Mail: skb3@cornell.edu

B.S. Plant Sciences 1978 University of Connecticut
M.S. Horticulture 1980 Rutgers University
Ph.D. Genetics 1984 University of California, Davis

Current Position:
Apple Breeder and Geneticist

Return to Faculty Webpage

Refereed Journal Articles:

Hemmat, M., S.K. Brown and N.F. Weeden. 2002. Tagging and mapping scab resistance genes from R12740-7A apple. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 127:365-370.

Bessho, H., S.K. Brown, J.L. Norelli, H.S. Aldwinckle and J.N. Cummins. 2001. Susceptibility of Japanese apple cultivars and rootstock selections to fire blight. J. Amer. Pomological Soc. 55:120-123.

Bolar, J.P., J. Norelli, G.E. Harman, S.K. Brown and H.S. Aldwinckle. 2001. Synergistic activity of endochitinase and exochitinase from Trichoderma harzianum against the pathogenic fungus (Venturia inaequalis) in transgenic plants. Transgenic Research 10:533-543.

Ko, K., J.N. Norelli, J.-P. Reynoird, E.E. Borejsza-Wysocka, S.K. Brown and H.S. Aldwinckle. 2000. Effect of untranslated leader sequence of AMV RNA 4 and signal peptide of pathogenesis-related protein 1b on attacin gene expression and resistance to fire blight in transgenic apple. Biotechnology Letters 22:373-381.

Sakurai, K., S.K. Brown and N.F. Weeden. 2000. Self-incompatibility alleles of apple cultivars and advanced selections. HortScience 35:116-119.

Bolar, J.P., S.K. Brown, J.N. Norelli, and H.S. Aldwinckle. 1999. Factors affecting the transformation of ‘Marshall McIntosh’ apple by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plant, Cell, Tissue, Organ Culture 55: 31-38.

Ko, K., J.N. Norelli, S.K. Brown, and H.S. Aldwinckle. 1999. Anti-attacin polyclonal antibody from an in-vitro derived antigen used for immunoblot to quantify attacin expressed in transgenic apple. Biotechnology Techniques 13:839-857.

Cheng, F.S., N.F. Weeden, S.K.Brown, H.S. Aldwinckle, S.E. Gardiner, and V.G. Bus. 1998. Development of a DNA marker for Vm, a gene conferring resistance to apple scab. Genome 41:208-214.

Conner, P.J., S.K. Brown, and N.F. Weeden. 1998. Molecular marker analysis of quantitative traits for growth and development n juvenile apple trees. Theor. Appl. Genet. 96:1027-1035.

Hemmat, M., N.F. Weeden, H.S. Aldwinckle, and S.K. Brown. 1998. Molecular markers for the scab resistance (Vf) region in apple. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 123:992-996.

Ko, K., S.K. Brown, J.N. Norelli, and H.S. Aldwinckle. 1998. Alterations in nptII and gus expression following micropropagation of transgenic M.7 apple rootstock lines. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 123:11-18.

Rao, M.V., C.B. Watkins, S.K. Brown and N.F. Weeden. 1998. Active oxygen species metabolism in ‘White Angel’ x ‘Rome Beauty’ apple selections resistant and susceptible to superficial scald. J.Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 123:299-304.

Brown, S.K. and D.Terry. 1997. The Cornell University apple breeding program: Past, present, and future. Fruit Varieties J. 51:199-204.

Cheng, F.S., S.K. Brown and N.F. Weeden. 1997. A DNA extraction protocol from different tissues in woody species. HortScience 32:921-922.

Conner, P.J., S.K. Brown, and N.F. Weeden. 1997. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-based genetic linkage maps of three apple cultivars. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 122:350-359.

Hemmat, M., N.F. Weeden, P.J. Conner, and S.K. Brown. 1997. A DNA marker for columnar growth habit in apple contains a simple sequence repeat. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 122:347-349.

Sakurai, K., S.K. Brown, and N.F. Weeden. 1997. Determining the self-incompatibility alleles of Japanese apple cultivars. HortScience 32:1258-1259.

Way, R.D. and S.K. Brown. 1997. ‘Cortland’ Apple. Fruit Varieties J. 51:66-71.

Cheng, F.S., N.F. Weeden, and S.K. Brown. 1996. Identification of co-dominant RAPD markers tightly linked to fruit skin color in apple. Theor. Appl. Genet. 93:222-227.

Lawson, D.S., W.H. Reissig, J.P. Nyrop and S.K. Brown. 1994 a. Management of arthropods on columnar apple trees using exclusionary cages. Crop Protection 13(5): 346-356.

Lawson, D.S., Brown, S.K., Nyrop, J.P. and W.H. Reissig. 1994b. Microclimate and columnar apple tree performance within insect-exclusionary cages. HortScience 29(9):1008-1015.

Manganaris, A.S. G., F.H. Alston, H.S. Aldwinckle, H.L. Gustafson, S.K. Brown, and N.F. Weeden. 1994. Isozyme locus Pgm-1 is tightly linked to a gene (Vf) for scab resistance in apple. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119:1286-1288.

Merwin, I.A., S.K. Brown, D.A. Rosenberger, D.R. Cooley and L.P. Berkett. 1994. Scab-resistant apples for the northeastern USA: New prospects and old problems. Plant Disease 78(1): 4-10.

Stoewsand, G.S., J.L. Anderson and S.K. Brown. 1994. Blood cholinesterase in rats fed an insect resistant apple clone containing a natural cholinesterase inhibitor. Journal Toxicology and Environmental Health 41:121-127.

Weeden, N.F., M. Hemmat, D.M. Lawson, M. Lodhi, R.L. Bell. A.G. Manganaris, B.I. Reisch, S.K. Brown, and G.-N, Ye. 1994. Development and application of molecular marker linkage maps in woody fruit crops. Euphytica 77:71-75.

Ye, X., S.K. Brown, R. Scorza, J. Cordts and J. C. Sanford. 1994. Genetic transformation of peach tissues by particle bombardment. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 119:367-373.

Kelsey, D.F. and S.K. Brown. 1992. ‘McIntosh Wijcik’: A columnar mutation of ‘McIntosh’ apple proving useful in physiology and Breeding Research. Fruit Var. J. 46:83-87.

Way, R.D. and S.K. Brown. 1991. ‘Jonagold’ apple. Fruit Var. J. 45:62-65.

Lee, C.Y., V. Kagan, A. Jaworski and S.Brown. 1990. Enzymatic browning in relation to phenolic compounds and polyphenoloxidase activity among peach cultivars. J. Ag. and Food Chem. 38:99-101.

Reissig, W.H., S.K. Brown, R.C. Lamb, and J.N. Cummins. 1990. Laboratory and field studies of resistance of crab apple clones to Rhaholetis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae). Environmental Entomology 19: 565-572.

Brown, S.K. and W. F. Wilcox. 1989. Evaluation of cherry genotypes for resistance to infection by Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey. HortScience 24:1013-1015.

Brown, S.K. and J.N. Cummins. 1989. Rootstock effect on the foliar nutrient content of ‘Redhaven’ peach. HortScience 24:769-771.

Brown, S.K. 1988. Assessment of fruit firmness in selected sour cherry cultivars. HortScience 23:882-884.

Brown, S.K. and M. Bourne. 1988. Assessment of components of fruit firmness in selected sweet cherry genotypes. HortScience 23:902-904.

Brown, S.K. and J.N. Cummins. 1988. Rootstock influenced peach flower bud survival after a natural freeze. HortScience 23:846-847.

Abstracts:

Fu, J., N.F. Weeden, J.R. Kikkert, B. Wang, and S.K. Brown. 1999. Development of a BAC library from Russian Seedling R12740-7A, an apple selection with two genes conferring resistance to scab. Plant & Animal Genome VII (Abstract P108).

Ko, K., J.L. Norelli, K. During, S.K. Brown, and H.S. Aldwinckle. 1999. Effects of multiple transgenes on resistance to fire blight of ‘Galaxy’ apple. Proc. 8th International Workshop on Fire blight, Kusadasi, Turkey, October 1998.

Ko, K., J.L. Norelli, S.K. Brown, and H.S. Aldwinckle. 1999. Isolation of attacin E protein from an Escherichia coli expression vector and production of an antibody for use in ELISA and western analysis. Proc. 8th International Workshop on Fire Blight, Kusadasi, Turkey, October 1998.

Norelli, J.L., K. Ko, E. Borejsza-Wysocka, M.T. Momol, A.M. Abdul-Kader, J.Z. Mills, D.W. Bauer, A. Grethel, V. Hanke, S.V. Beer, S.K. Brown, and H.S. Aldwinckle. 1999. Genetic transformation for fire blight resistance in apple. Proc. 8th International Workshop on Fire blight, Kusadasi, Turkey, October 1998.

Aldwinckle, H.S., K.Ko, J.L. Norelli, S.K. Brown and K. During. 1998. Enhanced fire blight resistance of apple lines transgenic for attacin E and T4 lysozyme genes. Proc. 7th Int. Congress Plant Pathology, Edinburgh.

Bolar, J.P., H.S. Aldwinckle, G.E. Harman, J.L. Norelli and S.K. Brown. 1998. Transgenic McIntosh apple lines expressing a chitinase gene have increased resistance to scab (Venturia inaequalis).IX International Congress on Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Jerusalem, Israel. p. 127.

Bolar, J.P., J.N. Norelli, H.S. Aldwinckle, G.E. Harman, and S.K. Brown. 1998. Production of transgenic apple lines for scab resistance with genes coding for one or two chitinolytic enzymes. Intern. Congress of Plant Pathology.

Bolar, J.P., H.S. Aldwinckle, G.E. Harman, and S.K. Brown. 1997. Endochitinase-transgenic McIntosh apple lines have increased resistance to scab. Phytopathology 87(6). (Abstr. S10).

Ko, K., S.K. Brown, J.L. Norelli, K. During, and H.S. Aldwinckle. 1997. Construction of plasmid binary vectors for enhanced fire blight resistance in apple. Phytopathology 87:s53.

Sakurai, K., S.K. Brown, and N.F. Weeden. 1997. Determining the S incompatibility alleles of Japanese apple cultivars. Plant and Animal Genome V. p.120 (Abstract P270).

Weeden, N.F., R.K. McKee, Y. Koga-Ban and S.K. Brown. 1997. Investigation of the effect of sex on recombination frequency in apple. Plant and Animal Genome V. San Diego. p. 121 (Abstract P274).

Cheng, F., N.Weeden, and S.K. Brown. 1996. Tagging scab resistance genes from ‘Russian seedling’ apple. Plant Genome IV. Abstract #P223. p.82.

Cheng, F.S., N.F. Weeden, S.K. Brown, and J.R. Kikkert. 1996. Construction of a bacterial artificial chromosome library in apple. Plant Genome IV. San Diego. Abstract P11. p.29.

Hemmat, M., N.F. Weeden, and S.K. Brown. 1996. Molecular markers for the scab resistance (Vf) region in apple. Plant Genome IV. San Diego.

Bolar, J.P., S.K. Brown, J.N. Norelli, and H.S. Aldwinckle. 1995. Examination of factors affecting transformation of ‘McIntosh’ apple by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. HortScience 30:875 (Abstr. 524).

Brown, S.K. and N.F. Weeden. 1995. Apple genome mapping. Plant Genome III. San Diego. Abstract #P252. p.85.

Cheng, F., N.Weeden, and S.K. Brown. 1995. Amplification and sequencing of codominant DNA fragments tightly linked to fruit color in apple. Plant Genome III. Abstract #P30.

Cheng, F., N.Weeden, and S.K. Brown. 1995. Molecular markers for scab resistance from ‘Nova Easygro’ Apple. Plant Genome III. Abstract #P31.

Conner, P.J., S.K. Brown, and N.F. Weeden. 1995. Examination of apple (Malus x domestica) fruit quality and tree and fruit morphology using molecular markers. HortScience 30:832. (Abstr. 448).

Hemmat, M. N.F. Weeden, P.J. Conner and S.K. Brown. 1995. A DNA marker for columnar growth habit in apple contains a simple sequence repeat. Plant Genome III. Abstract #P253. p.86.

Hemmat, M., N.F. Weeden and S.K. Brown. 1995. Molecular markers for the scab resistance (Vf) region in apple. HortScience 30: 855 (Abstr. 914).

Norelli, J.L., J.Z. Mills, S.K. Brown, and H.S. Aldwinckle. 1995. Transformation of Gala apple with lytic protein genes. Proc. VII. Intl. Workshop on Fire Blight.

Weeden, N.F., S.K. Brown, M. Hemmat, P. Conner, F. Cheng, M. Pancaldi and D. Lawson. 1995: Apple mapping: Progress and goals. Plant Genome III. San Diego. Abstract W31.

Weeden, N.F., F.S. Cheng, M. Hemmat, P.J. Conner, L. Bousset, H.S. Aldwinckle, M. Pancaldi, and S.K. Brown. 1995. Recent findings involving molecular markers in fruit crops at NYSAES. Agrobiotec. October 19-21, 1995. Ferrara, Italy.

Brown, S.K., H. Aldwinckle, D. Terry and S. Valerio. 1994. Breeding of multiple disease resistant apples: Present status and future progress. Fruit Var. J. 48:38.

Brown, S.K. and L. Berkett. 1994. An explanation for reports of apple scab infection of fruit of NY 74828-12. Fruit Var. J. 48:34.

Cheng, F., N. Weeden, and S.K. Brown. 1994. Molecular markers for fruit color in apple (Malus Xdomestica) HortScience 29:529 (Abstract #673).

Conner, P., S. Brown, and N. Weeden. 1994. Examination of quantitative trait loci in apple (Malus xdomestica) using molecular markers. HortScience 29:579 (Abstract #673).

Lakso, A.N., S.K. Brown, and J.R. Turner. 1994. Observations on the potential role of xylem dysfunction in fruit water status, sugar accumulation, and cracking of grapes and cherries. International Conference on Sweet Cherry Cracking, Traverse City, MI.

Brown, S.K. and R.L. Andersen. 1990. Advanced selections from the Geneva cherry breeding program. Proc. XXIII Intern. Hort. Congress. Firenze, Italy. Abstract #3036.

Brown, S.K., R.C. Lamb, and J.N. Cummins. 1990. Combining multiple disease resistance with columnar plant form in apple. Proc. XXIII Intern. Hort. Congress, Firenze, Italy. Abstract #1082, p.38.

Brown.S.K. 1988. Utilization of sweet (Prunus avium L.) and sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) germplasm in the United States for genetic improvement. Proc. International Symposium on Horticultural Germplasm, Cultivated and Wild. Beijing, China. Chinese Society for Horticultural Sciences, International Academic Publishers.

Brown, S.K. and M. Bourne. 1988. Assessment of fruit firmness in selected sweet and tart cherry genotypes. HortScience 23:823. (Abstract #740).

Brown, S.K., W.H. Reissig, R.C. Lamb, and J.N. Cummins. 1988. Evaluation of Malus germplasm for sources of resistance to insects and mites. Proc. International Symposium on Horticultural Germplasm, cultivated and wild. Beijing, China. Chinese Society for Horticultural Sciences, International Academic Publishers.

Brown, S.K. 1987. Cherry varietal improvement at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station. International Cherry Research Conference, Traverse City, MI.

Lamb, R.C., S.K. Brown, and W.H. Reissig. 1987. Breeding for arthropod resistance in apples. Eucarpia (Fruit section), Czechoslovakia.

Technical articles:

Ko, K., S.K. Brown, J.L. Norelli, and H.S. Aldwinckle. 1999. Isolation of attacin E protein from an Escherichia coli expression vector and production of its antibody for use in immunoassays. Acta Hort. 489:267-268.

Ko, K., J.N. Norelli, S.K. Brown and H.S. Aldwinckle. 1999. Galaxy lines transgenic for attacin E and T4 lysozyme genes have increased resistance to fire blight. p. 507-511. In: A.Altman, S. Izhar, and M. Ziv. (eds). Plant Biotechnology and In Vitro Biology in the21st century. Vol. 36. Kluwer Academic. Dordrecht.

Bessho, H., F.S. Cheng, S.K. Brown, N.F. Weeden and J.N. Cummins. 1998. Identification of DNA markers linked to growth habit of apple rootstock. Rpts. of Morioka Branch. Fruit Tree Research.

Brown, S.K. 1995. Genetic transformation by particle bombardment and Agrobacteria. J. Korean Society Horticultural Science 36:432-437.

Lakso, A.N., S.K. Brown, and M.C. Bourne. 1994. Observations on the relation of xylem dysfunction to fruit growth, sugar accumulation, softening and cracking of cherries and grapes. In: J. Flore and J. Nugent (eds.). Proc. International Conf. Cherry Cracking. Michigan State University.

Lamb, R.C., S.K. Brown, and W.H. Reissig. 1988. Breeding for arthropod resistance in apple. Acta Horticulturae 224:123-131.

Book chapters:

Janick, J., J.N. Cummins, S.K. Brown, and M. Hemmat. 1996. Apples. p.1-77. In: J. Janick and J.N. Moore (eds.). Fruit Breeding, Volume I: Tree and Tropical Fruits. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Brown, S.K., A.F. Iezzoni, and H. W. Fogle. 1996. Cherries. p.213-255. In: J. Janick and J.N. Moore (eds.). Fruit Breeding, Volume I: Tree and Tropical Fruits. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Brown, S.K. 1992. Genetics of Apple. Plant Breeding Rev. 9:333-366.

Tehrani, G. and S.K. Brown. 1992. Pollen-incompatibility and self-fertility in sweet cherry. Plant Breeding Rev. 9:367-388. <P>

Extension Publications, Bulletins, and Proceedings of Industry Meetings:

Aldwinckle, H., J. Norelli, S. Brown, T. Robinson, E. Borejsza-Wysocka, H. Gustafson, J.-P. Reynoird, and M.V. Bhaskara Reddy. 2000. Genetic engineering of apple for resistance to fire blight. New York Fruit Quarterly 8:24-26.

Brown, S.K. 1999. Editorial: What apple variety should you plant? Also back cover featuring color photographs of NY 674 and NY 75414-1 and an insert asking for grower suggestions for names. New York Fruit Quarterly 7:1.

Brown, S.K., M. Fargione, I. Merwin, and D.Rosenberger. 1999. What we have learned about new apple varieties. New York Fruit Quarterly 7(1):7-11.

Brown, S.K. 1997. Apple facts #1: Varieties of Commercial Interest: ‘Jonagold’. New York’s Food and Life Sciences Bulletin Number 150. Cornell University, Geneva, NY.

Brown, S.K. 1997. Apple cultivar development and evaluation. Compact Fruit Tree 30:53-57.

Brown, S.K., R.D. Way, D.E. Terry and K. G. Livermore. 1995. ‘Fortune’ Apple. New York’s Food and Life Sciences Bulletin #147.

Brown, S.K. 1995. Quality drives Cornell University’s quest for new apple varieties. Orchard Update, Dow Elanco. January, 1995:p.3-4.

Brown, S.K. 1995. Apple breeding at Cornell. Tradition and transitions. New York Fruit Quarterly 3(1):1.

Brown, S.K. 1995. Genetic improvement of apple: The roles of plant breeding and biotechnology. New York Fruit Quarterly 3(1): 2-5.

Way, R.D. and S.K. Brown. 1995. Apples. In: J.N. Cummins (ed.). Register of New Fruit and Nut Varieties. Brooks and Olmo. List 37. HortScience 30:1136.

Brown, S.K. 1994. Improving apples by traditional breeding and biotechnology. Virginia Fruit 82:11.

Brown, S.K. 1994. New apple varieties and selections from the Cornell breeding program. Virginia Fruit 82:9.

Brown, S.K. 1994. The New York apple breeding program: Objectives and realities. Proc. Wash. State Hort. Assoc. 68-74.

Brown, S.K. 1994. Apple breeding: Objectives, strategies and successes. Compact Fruit Tree 27: 141-145 .

Brown, S.K. 1994. New York apple varieties: New York Perspective. Compact Fruit Tree 27: 141-145.

Brown, S.K. and L. Berkett. 1994. An explanation for reports of apple scab infection of fruit of NY 74828-12. Fruit Var. J. 48(1):34.

Way, R.D. and S.K. Brown. 1994. Apples. In: J.N. Cummins (ed.). Register of New Fruit and Nut Varieties. Brooks and Olmo. List 36. HortScience 29: 943-944.

Andersen, R.L., S.K. Brown, R.D. Way, K.G. Livermore, and D.E. Terry. 1993. ‘Royalton’ Black Cherry. N.Y. Food and Life Sciences Bulletin #140.

Andersen, R.L., S.K. Brown, R.D. Way, K.G. Livermore, and D.E. Terry. 1993. ‘Hartland’ Black Cherry. New York Food and Life Sciences Bulletin #141.

Brown, S.K. 1993. Assessing the commercial potential of advanced apple selections and establishing demonstration plantings. New York Fruit Quarterly 1:1. Spring, 1993.

Brown, S.K. 1993. Apple Varieties of Commercial Interest: Braeburn. Apple Facts Sheet. New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell Univ., Geneva, NY.

Brown, S.K. 1993. Apple Varieties of Commercial Interest: Fuji. Apple Facts Sheet. New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell Univ., Geneva, NY.

Brown, S.K. 1993. Apple Varieties of Commercial Interest: Ginger Gold. Apple Facts Sheet. New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell Univ., Geneva, NY.

Brown, S.K. 1993. Apple Varieties of Commercial Interest: Braeburn. Apple Facts Sheet. New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell Univ., Geneva, NY.

Brown, S.K. 1992. Recent developments in apple breeding and the production of processing varieties. Processed Apple Products Workshop, sponsored by the Institute of Food Science, Cornell Univ. and the Processing Apple Institute. Published as Special Report #65: 1-1-3. New York State Agricultural Experiment Station.

Eames-Sheavely, M. and S.K. Brown. 1992. Disease resistant apple cultivars for the home orchard. EcoGardening Fact Sheet #1. Cornell Cooperative Extension.

Welser, R., W. Wilcox. and S.K. Brown. 1992. Disease resistant apple cultivars for the home garden. Cornell Cooperative Extension. Brown, S.K. 1991. Promising advanced selections from the multiple disease resistance breeding program. Pomona. Winter 1991. Vol. XXIV (1):69-71.

Brown, S.K. 1990. An overview of the best scab-resistant cultivars from New York. Northeast Lisa Apple Production Newletter 1:1-2. October, 1990.

Brown, S.K., R.D. Way, H.F. Teeple, R.H. Teeple and J.B. Teeple. 1990. ‘Royal Empire’ Apple. . New York’s Food and Life Sciences Bulletin Number 134. Cornell University.

Way, R.D., S.K. Brown, and K.G. Livermore. 1990. ‘Northern Lights’ apple. . New York’s Food and Life Sciences Bulletin Number 133. Cornell University, Geneva, NY.

Brown, S. K., R.D. Way, and D.E. Terry. 1989. Sweet and tart cherry varieties: Descriptions and cultural recommendations. New York Food and Life Sciences Bulletin #127. Cornell University, Geneva, NY.

Brown, S.K., R.C. Lamb, and D.E. Terry. 1986. Peach and nectarine varieties in New York state. New York Food and Life Sciences Bulletin # 117. Cornell University, Geneva, NY.

Brown, S.K. 1987. New stone fruit varieties. Proc. N.Y. State Hort. Soc. 132:133-141.

Brown, S.K. 1987. Sweet cherry breeding prospects for New York State. Compact Fruit Tree 20:161-164.

Brown, S.K. 1987. The ‘Napoleon’ sweet cherry. Fruit var. J. 41:86-87.

Brown, S.K. 1986. Stone fruit trials reveal cultivars with promise. Cornell Agricultural News Service.

Brown, S.K. 1986. Stone fruit varieties and breeding objectives. Proc. 96th Ann. Mtg. Conn. Pom. Soc. p. 14-20.

Cultivar patents:

Brown, S.K., R.D. Way, D.E. Terry and K. Livermore. 1999. ‘Fortune’ apple. U.S. Plant Patent #11,000.

Andersen, R.L., S.K. Brown, R.D. Way, K.G. Livermore, and D.E. Terry. 1999. ‘Royalton Black Cherry. U.S. Plant Patent #11,107.

Andersen, R.L., S.K. Brown, R.D. Way, K.G. Livermore, and D.E. Terry. 1999. ‘Sour cherry cultivar ‘Surefire’. U.S. Plant Patent #11,108.

Andersen, R.L., S.K. Brown, R.D. Way, K.G. Livermore, and D.E. Terry. 1999. ‘Somerset’ Sweet Cherry. U.S. Plant Patent #11,118.

Andersen, R.L., S.K. Brown, R.D. Way, K.G. Livermore, and D.E. Terry. 1993. ‘Hartland’ Black Cherry. U.S. Plant Patent #11,304.