Hybridization: Controlled pollinations are made with the help of bees by erecting insect-proof tents around trees that will serve as the female parent (in this case the Russian rootstock Budagovsky 491). Branches with flowers of the desired pollen parent (in this case Geneva 16) are introduced to the cages and refreshed daily. When flowering of the seed parent is completed the tents are removed and the fruit and seeds are allowed to develop normally.