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Pinot Noir
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Cold Hardiness
In addition to recording winter survival, bud cold hardiness has been directly measured several times using differential thermal analysis. The most complete assessments were in mid-winter of 1987/88 and in early winter of 1992/93. Because the 1992 growing season weather was very poor (cold and rainy), the 1992/93 data reflect the extent to which bud hardiness was attained in a poor growing season.
Hardiness can be assessed in several different ways. In late January 1988 and again in early January 1993, critical freezing temperature of primary buds was measured using differential thermal analysis (DTA). Bud freezing temperature is indicated by the median temperature of the low temperature exotherm (LTE). These data are indicated in Tables 2 and 3. On December 12, 1988, the low temperature in these vineyards was -12°F. This cold event happened before most vines had achieved maximum bud hardiness. At that time DTA of buds of varieties which rapidly attain winter cold hardiness such as Concord and White Riesling indicated critical freezing temperatures below -13°F. They suffered very little injury. DTA of later hardening varieties like Cabernet Sauvignon showed critical values higher than -10°F. Such varieties suffered almost 100% bud injury. Thus bud survival following the 1988/89 winter was very meaningfull. There was little bud injury to any potentially cold hardy variety in Geneva in the years of 1991 and 1992. The incidence of bud kill was very low, but ranking was similar to that obtained in years with more important injury. These data are reportent because they give preliminary estimates of cold hardiness of some of the clones with which we have less experience.
In the tabale question marks are used to indicate that we have
less experience with some clones and so are making tentative rankings.
Clones 29, Pernand and Meunier exhibited consistently a high degree
of cold hardiness. Gamay Beaujolais and Geneva also have above
average hardiness. Mariafeld and Spätburgunder have suffered
above average winter kill. Ratings for other clones must be considered
preliminary.
| Summary of cold hardiness data for Pinot Noir clones being evaluated at Geneva, NY. | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pinot Noir clone | LTE Jan. 1988 (°F) |
Node Survival 1988/89 |
LTE Jan. 1993 (°F) |
Mean |
% Node |
Tons/ Acre 1994 |
Tonnes/ |
||
| Espinette | -7.2 | less hardy | -8.6 | moderate | 68.2 | f | 1.7 | 3.7 | abc |
| Geneva | -9.8 | hardy | -7.6 | hardy | 67.3 | ef | 1.7 | 3.7 | abc |
| Meunier | -8.5 | very hardy | hardy | 66.8 | ef | 1.7 | 3.7 | abc | |
| Clone 29 | -10.3 | very hardy | -10 | hardy | 62.9 | ef | 1.8 | 3.9 | ab |
| Gamay B. | -7.1 | hardy | -8.9 | hardy | 61 | ef | 1.9 | 4.1 | ab |
| Pernand | -10.5 | hardy | hardy | 60.1 | ef | 1.9 | 4.1 | ab | |
| Clone 7 | hardy | 57.8 | def | 1.6 | 3.5 | abc | |||
| Pomard | -6.7 | moderate | 47.6 | bcd | 1.8 | 3.9 | ab | ||
| Mariafeld | -7.6 | tender | -6.9 | moderate | 46.8 | bcd | 1 | 2.2 | bc |
| Spätburgunder | -7.6 | less hardy | moderate | 46.3 | bcd | 2 | 4.4 | a | |
| Canada | -8.6 | moderate | 44.1 | bc | 1.4 | 3.1 | abc | ||
| Cl. 13 | -6.3 | tender | 41.8 | b | 2.1 | 4.6 | a | ||
| 2A | -5.9 | tender | 29.7 | a | 0.8 | 1.7 | c | ||
| Cl 236 | -7.8 | tender | 25.9 | a | 1.1 | 2.4 | abc | ||
NOTE ADDED IN MARCH 1998
the information below was not in the original publication
Median Low Temperature Exoterm in late winter, 1998. Left is values for individual clones and right is difference from the freezing temperature of White Riesling primary buds.
Table is % node survival in different years.
© Copyright 2000 Robert Pool