Tree Fruit Crop Management and Applied Physiology

Specific Expertise: Integrated Orchard Production Systems, Rootstocks, Canopy and Crop Management, Irrigation, Fertilization, Growth Regulators, and Environmental Effects on Tree Physiology.

June, 1988 One month study leave to Europe to study Apple Production and marketing.

June, 1992 One month study leave to Israel and Europe to study Apple Production and marketing.

Feb, 2000 One month study leave to New Zealand and Australian to study Apple Production and marketing.

Valedictorian, High School, 1973

Undergraduate 4 Year Academic Scholarship at BYU, 1973-1978

BS degree Summa Cum Laude, 1978

Phi Kappa Phi, 1978

Sigma Xi, 1984

International Honor Award from OICD for Romanian Apple IPM Project, 1996

Distinguished Extension Award from the International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association, 1997

Co-Chair of the Cornell Fruit Program Work Team (1997-present)

Horticulture 620 - Woody Plant Physiology: Co-taught in Winter 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999 and 2001 with T. Witlow, and A Lakso.

Horticulture 445 - Orchard Management: I give 2 lectures and 1 lab (Winter 1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000) for this course that is taught by Ian Merwin.

1) Provide extension leadership to the fruit industry of New York state in my area of expertise (Orchard Management). I provide regular inservice training and field visits with extension field staff, on-farm demonstration/applied research projects, field workshops, field tours, presentations at grower meetings, in-depth schools on orchard management and written articles. Each year I make 8-10 trips to Eastern NY and a similar number of days are spent in Western NY. In addition, I am an invited speaker to fruit grower meetings around the country. Each year I make 3-5 out of state trips to speak to fruit grower conferences.

2) Provide leadership to the Cornell Fruit Research and Extension Team: I co-chair the Fruit Program Work Team (PWT) In this capacity we lead the process of obtaining input from stakeholders and establishing priorities for research and extension in fruit. I also serve on the advisory committees of all the tree fruit extension specialists. I am a co-chair of our annual inservice training meeting for extension educators in conjunction with Michigan and Ontario Canada (Great Lakes Fruit Workers Meeting). I am the Cornell representative on the board of the NYS Hort. Soc. I serve as the editor, (along with Steve Hoying) of the NY Fruit Quarterly which is a research reporting magazine of the NYS Hort Society which is targeted to growers and provides the fruit industry with regular communication on the progress of research programs at Cornell.

International Honor Award from OICD for Romanian Apple IPM Project, 1996

Distinguished Extension Award from the International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association, 1997

American Society for Horticultural Science

Chair Pomology Working Group 1996/1997

Chair Growth Regulators Working Group 2002

International Society for Horticultural Science

Chair Orchard and Plantations Systems Working Group 1996-present

American Pomological Society

Advisory Committee 1998-present

NY State Horticultural Society

Board Member 1998-present

International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association

Rootstock Research Committee 1997-present

Editor of the New York Fruit Quarterly, 1998-present.

Chair of the Orchard and Plantations Systems Working Group of the International Society for Horticultural Science, 1996-present.

Organizer/editor of a symposium on Apple Planting Systems at the Int. Hort. Congress Aug, 1998.

Chair of the Pomology Working Group of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 1996/1997.

Organizer of a workshop on mineral nutrition of fruit trees at the Salt Lake City meeting.

Chair of Plant Growth Regulator Working Group for American Society for Horticultural Science, 2002.

Member of the Advisory Committee of the American Pomological Society, 1998-present.

Member of the Board of the NY State Horticultural Society, 1997-present.

I am the Cornell Liaison to the Hort Soc. and serve on the Publications and Nominations Committees.

Member NY State Horticultural Society Publications Committee (1997-present).

Member of the Rootstock Research Committee of the International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association, 1996-present.

Member of the NC-140 Regional Project on Fruit Tree Rootstocks, 1989-present.

Chair 1995

Coordinator for 1992/1993 and 1999 uniform multi-state rootstock trials

Project rewrite committee 1996, 2001

Chair of the Apple Subcommittee 1996-present

Member of National Apple Crop Germplasm Advisory Committee, 1997-present

Member of the NY State Apple Council (1998-present).

Co-Chair of the Cornell Fruit Statewide Program Committee (1997-2001).

Co-Chair of the Cornell Fruit Program Work Team (2001-present)

Chair of the Cornell Tree Fruit Work Group (1993-2001).

Member of the Cornell Fruit IPM committee (1994-present).

Member Lake Ontario Extension Fruit Team Advisory Committee (1996-present).

Member Hudson Valley Regional Fruit Team Advisory Committee (1998-present).

Member Northern NY Regional Extension Fruit Team Advisory Committee (1997-present).

Chair or the Fruit IPM Program Review Team (1998-1999).

Member NYSAES Nominations and Elections Committee (1998-2001).

Member NYSAES Communications Services Committee (1994-1996).

Chair of the Search Committee for Hudson Valley Pomologist (1993).

Chair of the Dept. Mentoring Committee for Ed Stover (1993-1997).

Chair of the Search Committee for Hudson Valley Pomologist (1998).

Member of the Dept. Mentoring Committee for James Schupp (1999-present).

Member of the Dept. Mentoring Committee for LaiLiang Cheng (2000-present.

Organizer of three indepth workshops on High Density Orchard Systems. 1989, 1990, 1994

Lead presenter at two indepth workshops on High Density Orchard Systems in Michigan and Ontario. 1993, 1995

Organizer and editor of proceedings of an international symposium on Apple Planting Systems at the International Horticulture Congress in Brussels, Aug, 1998.

Organizer of a workshop on mineral nutrition of fruit trees at the Salt Lake City meeting of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 1997

Co-Organizer of NY Apple Industry Leadership Forum 2001

Co-Organizer of NY Apple Quality Forum 2002

Over the last 15 years I have given 51 scientific papers with published abstracts at professional scientific meetings.

Invited Paper at ASHS Colloquium on Canopy Development in Model Systems "Modifying Apple Tree Canopies for Improved Production Efficiency" 1989.

Invited Paper at NY Governors Conference on Agricultural Science and Technology "Production Technologies to Enhance the Competitiveness of New York Fruit Growers". 1993.

Invited Paper at Int. Soc. for Hort. Sci. Symposium on Apple Orchard Systems System. "V-Shaped Apple Planting Systems" 1998

Invited Paper 7th International Symposium on Orchard and Plantation System. "The Physiological Basis of Orchard Systems" 2000

Annually for the last 15 years I have been invited to give 4-6 presentations to Fruit Grower Conferences around the country and in several other countries.

Robinson, T. L. 1982. The effect of light environment, spur age, rootstock and pruning on 'Delicious' apple fruit size quality and maturity. M.S. Thesis. Washington State University. Pullman, WA.

Robinson, T. L., E. J. Seeley and B. H. Barritt. 1983. Effect of light environment and spur age on 'Delicious' apple fruit size and quality. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 108:855-861.

Robinson, T. L. 1984. Influence of water stress on vegetative growth and endogenous abscissic acid levels of apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.). Ph.D. Thesis. Washington State University, Pullman, WA.

Lakso, A. N., T. L. Robinson and S. G. Carpenter. 1989. The Palmette Leader: A tree design for improved light distribution. HortScience 24:271-275.

Lakso, A. N., T. L. Robinson and R. M. Pool. 1989. Canopy microclimate effects on patterns of fruiting and fruit development in apples and grapes. pp. 263-274. In: C.J. Wright (ed.), Manipulation of fruiting, 47th Nottingham Easter School, Butterworths, London.

Robinson, T. L. and A. N. Lakso. 1989. Light interception, yield and fruit quality of 'Empire' and 'Delicious' apple trees grown in four orchard systems. Acta Hort. 243:175-184.

Robinson, T. L. and B. H. Barritt. 1990. Endogenous abscisic acid concentrations, vegetative growth and water relations of apple seedlings following PEG-induced water stress. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 115:991-999.

Robinson, T. L., W. F. Millier, J. A. Throop, S. G. Carpenter and A. N. Lakso. 1990. Mechanical harvestability of Y-shaped and pyramid-shaped 'Empire' and 'Delicious' apple trees. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 115:368-374.

Robinson, T. L., and A. N. Lakso. 1991. Bases of yield and production efficiency in apple orchard systems. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 116:188-194.

Robinson, T. L., A. N. Lakso and S. G. Carpenter. 1991. Canopy development, yield, and fruit quality of 'Empire' and 'Delicious' apple trees grown in four orchard production systems for ten years. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 116:179-187.

Robinson, T. L., A. N. Lakso and Z. Ren. 1991. Modifying apple tree canopies for improved production efficiency. HortScience 26:1005-1012.

Hoying, S. A. and T. L. Robinson. 1992. Effects of chainsaw girdling and root pruning of apple trees. Acta Hort. 322:167-172.

Robinson, T. L. 1992. Performance of Y-shaped apple canopies at various angles in comparison with central leader trained trees. Acta Hort. 322:79-86.

Robinson, T. L. 1993. Production technologies to enhance the competitiveness of New York fruit growers. Proc. of the Governors Conference on Agricultural Science and Technology.

Robinson, T. L., J. Wünsche, and A. N. Lakso. 1993. The influence of orchard system and pruning severity on yield, light interception, conversion efficiency, partitioning index and leaf area index. Acta Hort. 349:123-127.

Goffinet, M.C., T. L. Robinson, and A.N. Lakso, 1995. A comparison of 'Empire' apple fruit size and anatomy in unthinned and hand-thinned trees. J. Hort. Sci. 70:375-387.

Wünsche, J. N., A. N. Lakso, and T. L. Robinson. 1995. Comparison of four methods for estimating total light interception by apple trees of varying forms. HortScience 30:272-276.

Wünsche, J. N., A. N. Lakso, T. L. Robinson, F. Lenz, and S. S. Denning. 1996. The bases of productivity in apple production systems: the role of light interception by different shoot types. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 121:886-893.

Barritt, B.H. J. A. Barden, J. Cline, R. C. Granger, M.M. Kushad, R. P. Marini, M. Parker, R. L. Perry, T. L. Robinson, C. R. Unrath, and M. A. Dilley. 1997. Performance of Gala at year 5 with eight apple rootstocks in an 8-location NC-140 trial. Acta Hort. 451:129-135.

Barritt, B. H., J. A. Barden, J. Cline, R.C. Granger, M.M. Kushad, R. P. Marini, M. Parker, R. L. Perry, T. L. Robinson, C. R. Unrath and M. A. Dilley. 1997. North American NC-140 apple orchard systems trial. Acta Hort. 451:443-452.

Lakso, A.N. and T. L. Robinson. 1997. Principles of orchard systems management--Optimizing supply, demand and partitioning in tree fruits. Acta Hort 451:405-415.

Robinson, T. L. 1997. Interaction of tree from and rootstock on light interception, yield, and yield efficiency of 'Empire' and 'Jonagold' trained to 4 systems. Acta Hort. 415:427-436

Robinson, T. L., J.N. Cummins, and S.A. Hoying. 1997. Commercial orchard evaluation of the new Cornell-Geneva rootstocks. Acta Hort. 451:113-119

Tustin, S., D. Ferree, S. Myers, L. Corelli-Grappadelli, A. Lakso, T. Robinson, J. Flore, R. Perry, S. Breitdreutz, B. Barritt, B. Konishi, C. Rom, A. Webster, C. Atkinson, J. Palmer and W. Cashmore. 1997. The international apple growth study. Acta Hort. 451:693-699.

Clark, T. E. 1998. The effects of different ratios and concentrations of Benzlyadenine and Gibberellins A4+7 on fruit size and yield of apple trees. M.S. Thesis. Cornell University. Ithaca, NY.

Rahsid Al-Yahai. 1998. The effect of irrigation on young apple tree growth and yield. M.S. Thesis. Cornell University. Ithaca, NY.

Robinson, T.L, S. Hoying, , W. Johnson, J.N. Cummins, and H.S. Aldwinckle. 1998. Orchard performance of fire blight-resistant Geneva apple rootstocks. Proc 8th International Workshop on Fire Blight. Kusadasi, Turkey. October, 1998. pp.

Hoying, S.A, and T. L. Robinson. 2000. The orchard planting systems puzzle. Acta Hort. 513:257-260.

Marini, R. P., J. L. Anderson, B. H. Barritt, G. R. Brown, J. Cline, W. P. Cowgill Jr., P. A. Domoto, D. C. Ferree, J. Garner, G. M. Greene, C. Hampson, P. Hirst, M. M. Kushad, E. Mielke, C. A. Mullins, M. Parker, R. L. Perry, J. P. Privé, T. Robinson, C. R. Rom, T. Roper, J. R. Schupp, E. Stover, R. Unrath. 2000. Performance of ‘Gala’ apple on Four Semi-dwarf rootstocks; A five year summary of the 1994 NC-140 Semi-dwarf rootstock trial. Journal of the American Pomological Society 54(2): 84-91.

Marini, R. P., J. L. Anderson, B. H. Barritt, G. R. Brown, J. Cline, W. P. Cowgill Jr., P. A. Domoto, D. C. Ferree, J. Garner, G. M. Greene, C. Hampson, P. Hirst, M. M. Kushad, E. Mielke, C. A. Mullins, M. Parker, R. L. Perry, J. P. Privé, T. Robinson, C. R. Rom, T. Roper, J. R. Schupp, E. Stover, R. Unrath. 2000. Performance of ‘Gala’ apple on Four Semi-dwarf rootstocks; A five year summary of the 1994 NC-140 Semi-dwarf rootstock trial. Journal of the American Pomological Society 54(2): 92-107.

Robinson, T. L. 2000. V-shaped apple planting systems. Acta Hort. 513:337-347.

Robinson, T.L (ed.). 2000. Developments in high density pruning and training systems for apple. pp. 253-363. In: N.J Fokkema, M. A. Beek, N. A. M van Steekelenberg,, G. Samyn, J. L. Maas, T. L. Robinson. 2000. Proceedings of the XXV International Hort. Congress Part 3: Cultural Techniques with Special Emphasis on Environmental Implications. International Society for Horticultural Science Acta Hort. 513.

Hirst, P.M., C. R. Rom, C. R. Hampson, A. Gaus, S. C. Myers, J. Garner, P. A. Domoto, M. M. Kushad, G. R. Brown, J. R. Schupp, W. A. Autio, R. L. Perry, J. P. Privé, W. P. Cowgill Jr., M. L. Parker, R. Unrath, T. L. Robinson, E. Stover, D. C. Ferree, J. A. Cline, E. Mielke, R. M. Crassweller, G. M. Greene, G. L. Reighard, C. A. Mullins, J. L. Anderson, J. A.Barden, R. P. Marini, B. H. Barritt, T. Roper. 2001. Early performance of ‘Gala’ on 18 dwarf and 4 semi-dwarf rootstocks growing at 24 sites in North America. Acta Hort. 557:199-205.

Johnson W. C., H. S. Aldwinckle, J. N. Cummins, P. L. Forsline, H. T. Holleran, J. J. Norelli, and T. L. Robinson. 2001. The USDA-ARS/Cornell University apple rootstock breeding and evaluation program. Acta Hort. 557:35-40.

Johnson W.C., J.N. Cummins, H.T. Holleran, S.A. Hoying and T. L. Robinson. 2001. Orchard trial performance of elite Geneva series rootstocks. Acta Hort. 557:63-68.

Lakso, A.N., T. L. Robinson, M.C. Goffinet and M.D. White. 2001. Apple fruit growth responses to varying thinning methods and timing. Acta Hort. 557:407-412.

Marini, R. P., B. H. Barritt, J. A. Barden, J. Cline, R. L. Granger, M. M..Kushad, M. Parker, R. L. Perry, T. Robinson, S. Khanizadek, and C. R. Unrath. 2001. Performance of ‘Gala’ apple on eight dwarf rootstocks: Ten-year summary of the 1990 NC-140 rootstock trail. Journal of the American Pomological Society 55(4): 197-204.

Marini, R. P., B. H. Barritt, J. A. Barden, J. Cline, E. E. Hoover, R. L. Granger, M. M..Kushad, M. Parker, R. L. Perry, T. Robinson, S. Khanizadek, and C. R. Unrath. 2001. Performance of ten apple orchard systems: Ten-year summary of the 1990 NC-140 systems trail. Journal of the American Pomological Society 55(4): 222-204.

Stover, E., F. Wirth, and T. Robinson. 2001. A method of assessing the relationship between cropload and crop value following fruit thinning. HortScience 36:157-161.

Stover, E., M. Fargione, R. Risio, X. Yang, and T. Robinson. 2001. Fruit weight, cropload, and return bloom of ‘Empire’ apple following thinning with 6-Benzyladenine and NAA at several phenological stages. HortScience 36:1077-1081.

Marini, R., J. Cline, R. Perry, and T. L. Robinson. 2002. Adjusting average fruit weight for crop load. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. (Submitted).

Rosenberger, D. A., T. L. Robinson, J. R. Schupp, C. A. Engle-Ahlers, and F. W. Meyer. 2002. Effects of SI fungicides on fruit set, fruit size, total yield and fruit firmness of ‘Empire apple. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. (Submitted)

Norelli, J.L., H.T. Holleran, W.C. Johnson, T. L. Robinson, and H.S. Aldwinckle. 2002. Resistance of Geneva and other apple rootstocks to Erwinia amylovora. Phytopathology. (Submitted)

Norelli J.L., H.S. Aldwinckle, H.T. Holleran^, T. L. Robinson and W.C. Johnson. 2002. Resistance of ‘Geneva’ apple rootstocks to Erwinia amylovora when grown as vegetative shoots and orchard trees. Acta Hort. (In press).

Schupp, J. R., D. A. Rosenberger, T. L. Robinson, H. Aldwinckle, J. Norelli, and P. J. Porpiglia. 2002. Effect of post-symptom sprays of Apogee on fire blight infection of ‘Gala’ apple on susceptible or resistant rootstocks. HortScience (In Press)

Schupp, J. R., D. A. Rosenberger, T. L. Robinson, H. Aldwinckle, J. Norelli, and P.J. Porpiglia. 2002. Effect of post-symptom sprays of Apogee on fire blight infection of ‘Gala’ apple on susceptible or resistant rootstocks. HortScience (In Press)

Robinson, T. L. 2002. Apple orchard systems. (in press). In: D.C. Ferree and I.J. Warrington (eds.). Apples: Physiology, production and uses. CABI Publishing. Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom.

Robinson, T., H.S. Aldwinckle, and J.L. Norelli^. 2002. Effect of Mineral Nutrition on Blossom, Shoot and Rootstock Fire Blight of Young, Dwarf Apple Trees. Proc. 9th International Workshop on Fire Blight. Havelock North, New Zealand. (In press)

Robinson, T. L., E. J. Seeley and B. H. Barritt. 1982. Light intensity, spur age effects on fruit quality. Goodfruit Grower 33(6):32-36.

Robinson, T. L. 1984. Producing high quality apples. Eastern and Western NY Extension newsletters.

Robinson, T. L. 1985. Light, spur age and crop uniformity in spur-type Red Delicious. Proc. N.Y. State Hort. Soc. 130:169-176.

Robinson, T. L. 1985. Central leader tree training: A western approach. Eastern and Western NY Extension newsletters.

Robinson, T. L. 1985. New fruit trees need a good start. County Extension newsletters.

Robinson, T. L. and A. N. Lakso. 1985. The palmette leader tree form. County Extension newsletters.

Robinson, T. L. and A. N. Lakso. 1985. Pruning and training for improved light distribution. Eastern and Western NY Extension newsletters.

Lakso, A. N. and T. L. Robinson. 1987. Tree training system improves yields. Amer. Fruit Grower. 107(11):6-7.

Lakso, A. N. and T. L. Robinson. 1987. Understanding and influencing the effects of climate and microclimate on apple production. Ann. Report of Michigan State Hort. Soc. 116:63-67.

Lakso, A. and T. Robinson. 1987. Apple trees -- tall, short, Y-shaped -- experts will determine which is best. County Extension newsletters.

Robinson, T. L. 1987. Orchard production systems research in NY. Proc. Maine State Pomological Association for 1987.

Robinson, T. L. 1987. The Palmette Leader tree. Proc. Maine State Pomological Association for 1987.

Robinson, T.L. 1988. Apple tree training systems. Proc. New England Fruit Meetings 94:104-110.

Robinson, T. L. 1988. Management considerations for Malling 9 plantings. Eastern and Western NY Extension newsletters.

Robinson, T. L. and A. N. Lakso. 1988. Performance of an apple planting systems trial. Compact Fruit Tree 21:.

Robinson, T. L. and A. N. Lakso. 1988. Performance of an apple planting systems trial. Great Lakes Fruit Grower News. 27(12):30-32.

Agnello, A., T. Robinson, R. Seem, H. Reissig, W. Wilcox, C. Smith, and D. Reinemann. 1989. Standard and modified tree-row volume pesticide application in different contemporary planting systems. 1988 Reports from IPM research, development and implementation fruit projects. New York State IPM Program. Geneva. IPM Publication 201: .

Robinson, T. L. (ed.). 1989. Orchard planting systems. Syllabus for 1989 Cornell Indepth Fruit School. 220 pages. Supplied to Extension field staff and participating growers.

Robinson, T. L. (ed.). 1989. Financing New Intensive Apple Orchards Syllabus for 1990 Cornell Indepth Fruit School for Farm Credit Loan Officers. 150 pages. Supplied to Extension field staff and participating growers.

Robinson, T. L., A. N. Lakso and S. A. Hoying. 1989. Managing the Y-trellis system. Amer. Fruit Grower. 109(11):14-16, 22-23.

Agnello, A., T. Robinson, W. Wilcox and C. Smith. 1990. Concentrated and tree-row volume pesticide application in different apple planting systems. Reports from the 1989 IPM research, development and implementation projects in fruits. New York State IPM Program. Geneva. IPM Publication No. 202:20-26.

Robinson, T. L. 1990. Train young apple trees in high-density orchards. Cornell Univ. Ag. News Service. June 1990.

Robinson, T. L., and W. C. Stiles. 1990. Maximizing the performance of newly planted apple trees. N.Y. State Horticultural Society Newsletter. 2(April):1-8.

Agnello, A., S. Spangler, R. Derksen, T. Robinson and W. Wilcox. 1991. Comparison of airblast and boom sprayers in dwarf apple plantings. Reports from the 1990 IPM research, development and implementation projects in fruit. New York State IPM Program. Geneva. IPM Publication No. 204:63-70.

Robinson, T. L. and A. N. Lakso. 1991. Thinning strategies to improve 'Empire' apple fruit size. Proc. New York State Horticultural Society. 136:219-225.

Robinson, T. L. and W. C. Stiles. 1991. Maximizing the performance of newly planted apple trees. Proc. New York State Horticultural Society. 136:199-205.

Robinson, T. L. and W. C. Stiles. 1991. Fertigation of dwarf apple trees as a substitute for soil fumigation in replant orchard soils. Reports from the 1990 IPM research, development and implementation projects in fruit. New York State IPM Program. Geneva. IPM Publication No. 204:61-62.

Silsby, K. J., T. L. Robinson and F. Dellamano. 1991. Empire hand thinning study. Proc. New York State Horticultural Society. 136:175-185.

Stiles, W. C. and T. L. Robinson. 1991. Nutrition studies with Empire apples. Proc. New York State Horticultural Society. 136:64-70.

Robinson, T. L., W. Autio, R. Dressel, J. Minard, D. Oakes, J. Schupp and W. Smith. 1991. Planting systems for the 90's: Pro's and con's of high-density systems. Proc. New York State Horticultural Society. 136:206-218.

Kovach, J., A. Agnello, T. J. Burr, J. Nyrop, H. Reissig, T. Robinson, D. Wasson and W. Wilcox, 1992. A demonstration of integrated biological management of arthropod pests and diseases of apple-1991. 1991 Reports: IPM research, development and implementation projects. Fruit. New York State IPM Program, Geneva. IPM Publication No. 205:21-24.

Kovach, J., A. Agnello, J. Nyrop, H. Reissig, T. Robinson, D. Wasson, and W. Wilcox. 1992. A demonstration of integrated biological management of arthropod pests and diseases of apple 1992. Proc. 55th Annual New York State Pest Management Conference. IPM Publication 501:79-82.

Robinson, T. L. 1992. Physiological basis of orchard system performance. Compact Fruit Tree. 25:24-28.

Robinson, T. L. and S. A. Hoying. 1992. Choosing an orchard planting system. Proc. of Connecticut Pomological Society 100: .

Hoying, S. A. and T. L. Robinson. 1993 The V-slender spindle: A promising planting systems. Amer. Agriculturist. 190(6):14, 15 and 28.

Robinson, T. L. 1993. Light interception and tree efficiency for different orchard production systems. Proc. for the 1993 Ontario Hort. Crops Conference. pp. 20-25.

Robinson, T. L. 1993. Thinning to improve 'Empire' apple fruit size. 123 Annual Report of the State Horticultural Society of Michigan. pp 153-158.

Robinson, T. L. 1993. Similarities and differences among high-density orchard systems. Proc. NY State Horticultural Society 138:11-18.

Robinson, T. L., and W. C. Stiles. 1993. Fertigation of young apple trees to improve growth and cropping. Compact Fruit Tree 26:61-65.

Robinson, T. L., S. A. Hoying and W. H. Smith. 1993. Canopy design and management for improved orchard production efficiency. Compact Fruit Tree 26:46-49.

Robinson, T. L., S. A. Hoying and W. H. Smith. 1993. Choosing and orchard planting system for improved yield and fruit quality. New York Fruit Quarterly 1(2):3-6.

Robinson, T. L. (ed.). 1994. High density apple plantings: How fast and how far. Syllabus for 1994 Cornell Indepth Fruit School for Farm Credit Loan Officers. 250 pages. Supplied to Extension field staff and participating growers.

Robinson, T. L., and W.C. Stiles. 1994. Fertigation of young apple trees to improve growth and cropping. Proc. N.E. Fruit Meetings 100:68-76

Robinson, T. L., S.A. Hoying, and W.H. Smith. 1994. On-farm orchard system demonstration projects: What we have learned so far. Proc. N.Y. State Hort Soc. 139:18-27.

Robinson, T. L., W.C. Stiles, and A.N. Lakso. 1994. Managing ‘Empire’ orchards for production and fruit size. Proc N.E. Fruit Meetings 100:50-58.

Robinson, T. L., J.N. Cummins, S.A. Hoying, and W.H. Smith. 1994. The use of dwarfing rootstocks in high-density apple planting systems. New York Fruit Quarterly 2(2):9-12.

Robinson, T. L., S.A. Hoying, and W.H. Smith. 1994. New York orchard system demonstrations: What we have learned so far. Compact Fruit Tree 27:73-77.

Robinson, T. L. 1995. A comparison of orchard systems with 'Empire' and 'Jonagold' on various rootstocks in New York. Compact Fruit Tree 28:5-8.

Robinson, T. L. and W. C. Stiles. 1995. Maximizing the performance of young apple trees. New York Fruit Quarterly 3(2):10-16.

Robinson, T. L. 1995. High Density orchard design, planting and tree training. Michigan State University Fruit School. 100p.

Stiles, W. C. and T. L. Robinson. 1995. Fertilization of apple orchards through drip irrigation systems (fertigation). New York Fruit Quarterly 3(3):7-10.

Lakso, A. N., T. L. Robinson, and M. C. Goffinet. 1996. Influence of fruit competition on size, and the importance of early thinning. New York Fruit Quarterly 4(1):7-9.

Robinson, T. L. and W. C. Stiles. 1996. Maximizing the performance of young apple trees. Compact Fruit Tree News.

Robinson, T. L., J.N. Cummins, S.A. Hoying and W.H. Smith. 1996. The new Geneva dwarfing apple rootstocks. Proc. Utah State Hort. Soc.

Robinson, T. L., J. Cummins, S. Hoying and W. Smith. 1996. Performance of the Cornell-Geneva apple rootstocks in New York. Compact Fruit Tree 29:7-11.

Robinson, T. L., S. A. Hoying, A. DeMarree, and G. White. 1996. Economics of orchard production systems. Proc. Virginia State Hort. Soc.

Robinson, T. L., S.A. Hoying, and W.H. Smith. 1996. Orchard production systems for improved light interception and production efficiency. Proc. Virginia State Hort. Soc.

Robinson, T. L., S.A. Hoying and W.H. Smith. 1996. Tips for success with high density orchards. Proc. Utah State Hort. Soc.

Robinson, T. L., S.A. Hoying and W.H. Smith. 1996. Apple orchard systems trials in New York. Compact Fruit Tree 29:107-113.

Robinson, T. L., S.A. Hoying, and W.H. Smith. 1996. Training for early yields. Amer. Fruit Grower 116(10):12-12, 24.

Hoying, S. A. and T. L. Robinson. 1997. The perfect apple planting system?. American Agriculturist. 1997.

Hoying, S.A. and Robinson, T. L. 1997. Planting systems trials in western New York. Compact Fruit Tree 30:41-45.

Lakso, A. N., T. L. Robinson, and M. C. Goffinet. 1997. Influence of fruit competition on size, and the importance of early thinning. Compact Fruit Tree News.

Lakso, A. N, L. Corelli Grappadelli, J. N Wünsche, T. L. Robinson. 1997. Understanding apple tree productivity: Balancing carbohydrate supply and demand. Compact Fruit Tree 30:18-24.

Robinson, T. L. 1997. Using physiological principles in your apple tree pruning. Great Lakes Fruit Grower News 36:(12):22-23.

Robinson, T. L. and W.C. Stiles 1997. Trickle irrigation and fertigation of young apple trees. Proc. New England Fruit Meetings 103: 90-97.

Robinson, T. L., J.N. Cummins, S.A. Hoying, and W.H. Smith. 1997. The new Geneva apple rootstocks. Compact Fruit Tree 30:1-5.

Robinson, T. L., S.A. Hoying, and W.H. Smith. 1997. Training strategies for high density orchards of the future. Proc. New England Fruit Meetings. 103:27-36.

Robinson, T., A. Lakso, E. Stover, and S. Hoying. 1998. Practical apple thinning programs for New York. New York Fruit Quarterly 6(1):14-18.

Andersen, R.L, T. L. Robinson and G. A. Lang. 1999. Managing the Gisela cherry rootstocks. New York Fruit Quarterly 7(4):19-22.

Hoying S.A. and T. L. Robinson. 1999. The super spindle in New York. New York Fruit Quarterly 7(1):23-26.

Robinson, T. L and S. A. Hoying. 1999. What we learned about tree support from the 1998 Labor-Day storm. New York Fruit Quarterly 7(2):17-24.

Robinson, T. and W. Stiles. 1999. Trickle irrigation boosts early growth. Amer. Fruit Grower 119(4):6-7.

Agnello, A. M., W. F. Wilcox, D. A. Rosenberger, T. L. Robinson, J. R. Schupp, P. D. Curtis, D. I. Breth, and S. A Hoying. 2000. Pest management guidelines for commercial tree-fruit production 2000. Cornell University, Ithaca NY

Aldwinckle, H., T. Robinson, J. Norelli, T. Momol, and M.V.B. Reddy. 2000. Controlling shoot blight with Apogee. New York Fruit Quarterly 8(1)):19-22.

Aldwinckle, H., J. Norelli, S. Brown, T. Robinson, E Borejsza-Wysocka, H. Gustafson, J.P. Reynoird, and M.V.B. Reddy. 2000. Genetic engineering of apple for resistance to fire blight. New York Fruit Quarterly 8(1)):24-26.

Johnson W.C., J.N. Cummins, H.T. Holleran, S.A. Hoying and T. L. Robinson. 2000. Overview of elite apple rootstocks from USDA-ARS/Cornell University. Compact Fruit Tree. 33(4):105-107.

Robinson. T. L. 2000. Pruning, training and planting density to make money. Proc. New England Fruit Meetings 106:73-79

Robinson, T. L. 2000. Keys to success in high density plantings. Journée Pomicole Provinciale 2000:73-80.

Robinson, T. L and S. A. Hoying. 2000. Lessons learned about tree support from the 1998 labor-day storm. Compact Fruit Tree 33:12-18.

Robinson, T. L. and G. White. 2000. Apple production and marketing in New York state. Journée Pomicole Provinciale 2000:17-23.

Robinson, T. L., H. Aldwinckle, and J. Norelli. 2000. Experience with ‘Apogee’: A new growth regulating chemical from BASF. Proc. of New York State Hort. Society 145th Annual Meeting. p45-46.

Agnello, A.M., W.F. Wilcox, D. A. Rosenberger, T. L. Robinson, J. R. Schupp, P. D. Curtis, D.I. Breth, and S.A Hoying. 2001. Pest management guidelines for commercial tree-fruit production 2001. Cornell University, Ithaca NY

Hoying, S.A., T. L. Robinson and R. L. Andersen. 2001. Improving sweet cherry branching. New York Fruit Quarterly 9(1): 19-22.

Merwin, I.A., R. Byard, T. L. Robinson, S. Carpenter, S.A. Hoying, K.A. Iungerman, and M. Fargione. 2001. Developing an integrated program for diagnosis and control of replant problems in New York apple orchards. New York Fruit Quarterly 9(1):11-15.

Schupp, J., T. Robinson, J. Norelli, D. Rosenberger and H. Aldwinckle. 2001. Apogee: A new plant growth regulator for apples. New York Fruit Quarterly 9(2): 19-21.

Robinson, T. L. 2001. Principios de manejo de huertos de alta densidad. IV Enfrute: Encontro National Sobre Fruticultura de Clima Temperado p183-196.

Robinson, T. L. 2001. Principios de manejo, de poda y portainjertos de huertos de alta densidad. VII Simposium Internacional Sobre el Manzano y Frutales de Clima Templado, Cuauthemoc, Chih., CD-Rom Proceedings.

Robinson, T. and S. Hoying. 2001. Processing apple planting systems trials. New York Fruit Quarterly 9(4): 17-19.

Turechek, B., D. Rosenberger, H. Aldwinckle, J. Schupp, and T. Robinson. 2001. Using Apogee to help manage fire blight. Scaffolds 8:1-4.

GTZ (German International Development Foundation) — Consulting on Research and Extension Programs for Apples and Pears for Argentina 1996

Ontario International (Fruit Marketing Company) — Consulting on Off-Season Cherry Production 2001.

• Orchard Systems: My goal is to understand the fundamental principles of orchard system performance and develop improved systems. I do indepth studies at Geneva and applied trials on grower's farms around the state in cooperation with extension field staff. This work is in cooperation with Steve Hoying.

• Rootstocks: My goal is to evaluate apple rootstocks for adaptability and performance under New York conditions. I serve as the NY representative and as the national Apple Committee chair on the national rootstock testing project (NC-140) where we are testing rootstocks from around the world including new Cornell-Geneva series of rootstock. This work is in cooperation with Genarro Fazio of the USDA and Herb Aldwinckle.

• Maximizing New Tree Growth: My goal is to understand factors influencing the growth and cropping of young fruit trees to reduce the turn-around time and investment associated with orchard renewal. This work is in cooperation with Alan Lakso, LaiLiang Chen, Ian Merwin and Herb Aldwinckle.

• Crop Load and Canopy Management: My goal is to develop improved thinning and canopy management practices that improve fruit size and fruit quality while managing orchard tree canopies at a variety of tree densities. This work is in cooperation with Jim Schupp, and Alan Lakso. We are also part of an international project studying the effect of climate on growth and cropping of apple to determine the reasons why yields and size are greater in certain climates. This work is in cooperation with a group of leading international pomologists.

• Irrigation/Fertigation: My goal is to develop irrigation and fertigation strategies and scheduling programs that will enhance fruit size and yield of both young and older orchards. This work is in cooperation with Alan Lakso.

• Economics of Orchard Systems: My goal is to develop sound economic evaluations of different orchard systems to assist growers in making wise orchard investment decisions. This work is in cooperation with Steve Hoying, Alison DeMarree and Jerry White.