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Major emphasis was on the development of virus resistant transgenic
plants through the concept of parasite-derived resistance where
a viral gene is transformed into the host to induce resistance. Gonsalves’ program
successfully developed plants such as chrysanthemums, tomato, squash,
melons, and papaya that are resistant to such viruses as cucumber
mosaic, zucchini yellow mosaic, watermelon mosaic virus 2, tomato
spotted wilt, and papaya ringspot. Collaborations with the
Asgrow Seed Company resulted in the development of the commercial
squash, Freedom II, that is resistant to zucchini yellow mosaic
virus and watermelon mosaic virus 2. Transgenic papaya cultivars
SunUp and Rainbow that are resistant to papaya ringspot virus was
developed for Hawaii, where the virus has severely affected the
industry since 1992. These cultivars were released for commercialization
in Hawaii in May 1998. Emphasis was also placed on developing
transgenic grapevines for virus resistance. Transgenic grapevines
with the coat proteins of grapevine leafroll 2, 3, or fanleaf viruses
were developed and are being evaluated by Dr.
Marc Fuchs for resistance
to these viruses.
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