Anonymous. 1983. Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

Anonymous. 1990. Conclusions and recommendations of the joint WMO/EPPO/NAPPO Symposium on Practical Applications of Agrometeorology in Plant Protection. EPPO Bulletin 21:699-700.

Armstrong, R., Barthakur, N.N., and Norris, E. 1993. A comparative study of three leaf wetness sensors. International Journal of Biometeorology 37: 7-10.

Barfield, B.J., Payne, F.A., and Walker, J.N. 1973. Surface water storage capacity of selected crop leaves under irrigation sprays. Agricultural Meteorology 12:105-111.

Barr, A., and Gillespie, T.J. 1987. Maximum leaf wetness duration for water drops on leaves in a field. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 41:267-274.

Bouten, W., Swart, P.J.F., and De Water, E. 1991. Microwave transmission, a new tool in forest hydrological research. Journal of Hydrology 124:119-130.

Boyle, R. 1662. Experimental history of cold. Boyle' Works 2:257-354.

Braden, H. 1995.  Simulationsmodell für den Wasser-, Energie- und Stoffhaushalt in Pflanzenbeständen (Simulation model for the budget of water, energy and matter in plant stands), Berichte des Instituts für Meteorologie und Klimatologie der Universität Hannover, 23, 149 pages.

Braden, H. 1995.  The model AMBETI: A  detailed description of a soil-plant-atmosphere model. Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes, 195, 117 pages.
 

Brain, P., and Butler, D.R. 1985. A model of drop size distribution for a system with evaporation. Plant Cell and Environment 8:247-251.

Braud, I., Dantas-Antonio, A.C., Vauclin, M. , Thony, J.L., and Ruelle, P. 1995. A simple soil -plant-atmosphere transfer model SiSPAT development and field verification. Journal of Hydrology 166:213-250.

Bunnenburg, C., and Kuhn, W. 1977. Applications of beta-ray and electronic leaf wetness sensors in a dew chamber. International Journal of Biometeorology 31:83-90.

Butler, D.R. 1980. Dew and thermal lag: measurements and estimates of wetness duration on cocoa pods. Quarterly Journal Royal Meteorological Society 106:539-550.

Butler, D.R. 1985. The energy balance of water drops on a leaf surface. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 32:337-349.

Butler, D.R. 1990. Mass transfer from discrete water drops on a cereal canopy. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 53:33-42.

Butt, D.J., and McGlinn, C.V. 1989. Tests of surface wetness sensors used with electronic disease-warning instruments. Pages. 57-64 in: Integrated Control of Pome Fruit Diseases Vol. II. Proceedings of the 2nd. Workshop, Brissago, Switzerland, 30 October-4 November 1988. C. Gessler, D.J. Butt and B. Koller, eds. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin 1989/XII/6.

Calder, I.R. 1977. A model of transpiration and interception loss from a spruce forest in Plynlimon, Central Wales. Journal of Hydrology 33: 247-253.

Chtioui, Y., Francl, L.J., and Panigrahi, S. 1999. Prediction of wheat leaf wetness using simple micrometeorological data. Phytopathology 89:(accepted 4/99).

Chtioui, Y., Panigrahi, S., and Francl, L. 1999. A generalized regression neural network and its application for leaf wetness prediction to forecast plant disease. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 48:55-67.

Deardorff, J.W. 1978. Efficient production of ground surface and moisture with inclusion of a layer of vegetation. Journal of Geophysical Research 20:1889-1903.

Deshpande, R.Y., Hubbard, K.G., Coyne, D.P., Syteadman, J.R., and Prankhurst, A.M. 1995. Estimating leaf wetness in dry bean canopies as a prerequisite to evaluating white mold disease. Agronomy Journal 87:613-619.

Fisher, D. K., Stone, M.L., and Elliott, R.L. 1992. Design and testing of a leaf-wetness sensor. American Society of Agricultural Engineers No. 923545.

Francl, L.J., and Panigrahi, S. 1997. Artificial neural network models of wheat leaf wetness. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 88:57-65.

Garratt, J.R., and Segal, M. 1988. On the contribution of atmospheric moisture to dew formation. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 45: 209-236.

Getz, R.R. 1991. Report on the measurement of leaf wetness. Report to WMO, Commission for instruments and Methods of Observation, November 1991.

Giesler, L. J., Horst, G.L., and G. Y. Yuen. 1996. A site-specific sensor for measuring leaf wetness duration within turfgrass canopies. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 81:145-156.

Gillespie T.J., and Kidd, G.E. 1978. Sensing duration of leaf moisture retention using electrical impedance grids. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 58:179-187.

Gillespie, T.J., and Barr, A. 1984. Adaptation of a dew estimation scheme to a new crop and site. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 31:289-295.

Gillespie, T.J., and Duan, R.-X. 1987. A comparison of cylindrical and flat plate sensors. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 40:61-70.

Gillespie, T.J., Brisco, B., Brown, R.J., and G.J. Sofko. 1990. Radar detection of a dew event in wheat. Remote Sensing Environment 33:151-156.

Gleason., M.L., Parker, S.K. Pitbaldo, R.E. Latin, R.X., Speranzini, D., Hazzard, R.V., Maletta, M.J., Cowgill, W.P., and Biederstedt, D.L. 1997. Validation of a commercial system for remote estimation of wetness duration. Plant Disease 81:825-829.

Grantz, D.A., and Williams, L.E. 1993. An empirical protocol for indirect measurement of leaf area index in grape (Vitis vinifera L.). HortScience 28:777-779.

Griffeon, H., Kornet, J.G., and Schurer, K. 1992. An optical leaf wetness sensor. Acta Horticulturae 304:127-135.

Haines, B.L., Jernstedt, J.A., and Nuefeld, H.S. 1985. Direct foliar effects of simulated acid rain. II. Leaf surface characteristics. New Phytologist 99:407-416.

Hall, R.M. 1985. Further interception studies of heather using a wet-surface weighing lysimiter system. Journal of Hydrology. 81:193-210.

Heilman, J.L. McInnes, KJ., Savage, M.J., Gesch, R.W., and Lascano R.J. 1994. Soil and energy balance in a west Texas vineyard. Agricultural Meteorology 71:99-114.

Hirst, J.M. 1954 A method for recording the formation and persistence of water deposits on plant shoots. Quarterly Journal Royal Meteorological Society 80: 227-231.

Hofmann, G. 1995. Die Thermodynamik der Taubildung (Themodynamics of dew formation), Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes, 18, 45 pages.

Hoppmann, D., and Wittisch, K.P. 1997a. Epidemiology-related modelling of athe leaf-wetness duration as an alternative to measurements, taking Plasmopara viticola as an example. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection 104:533-544.

Hoppmann, D., Wittich, K.-P. 1997b.  The use of leaf-wetness duration in the routine agrometeorological advisory service of the Deutscher Wetterdienst. Annalen der Meteorologie, 35 (Proc. of the 3rd European Conf. on Applications of Meteorology, 23-26 Sept. 1997, Lindau, Germany), 217-219

Horton, R.E. 1919. Rainfall interception. U.S. Monthly Weather Review. Vol 47.

Huband, N.D.S and Butler, D.R. 1984. A comparison of wetness sensors for use with computer or microprocessor systems designed for disease forecasting. Proceedings of the British Crop Protection Conference - Pests and Diseases 2:633-638.

Huber, L and Gillespie, T.J. 1992. Modeling leaf wetness in relation to plant disease epidemiology. Annual Review of Phytopathology 30:553-77.

Huber, L and Gillespie, T.J. 1992. Modeling leaf wetness in relation to plant disease epidemiology. Annual Review of Phytopathology 30: 553-77.

Huber, L. 1988. Modele de simulation de la durée d'humectation des feuilles au champ après une pluie. Cas d'un couvert homogène. Agronomie 8:675-684.

Huber, L., and Itier, B. 1990. Leaf wetness in a field bean canopy. Agricultural Forest Meteorology 51:281-291.

Huber, L., Flura, D., Durand B., et M.Clerjeau. 1991. Etude micrométéorologique de la durée d'humectation des grappes de vigne. EPPO Bulletin 21:441-449.
.
Jacobs, A.F.G., Heusinkveld, B.G. and Berkowicz, S., 1999: Dew Deposition in a Desert System: A Simple Simulation Model.  J. Arid Environment, 42: 211 - 222.

Jacobs, A.F.G., Van Boxel, J.H. and Nieveen, J., 1996: Nighttime exchange processes near the soil surface of a maize canopy. Agric. and Forest Meterol.,
82, 155 - 169.

Jacobs, A.F.G. & Nieveen, J.P., 1995: Formation of dew and the drying process within crop canopies. Meterorol. Applications, 2: 249 - 256.

Jacobs, A.F.G., Van Boxel, J.H. and El-kilani, R.M.M. 1994. Nighttime Free Convection Characteristics within a Plant Canopy, Boundary-Layer Meteorology,
71, 375 - 391.

Jacobs, A.F.G., Van Pul, A., El-kilani, R.M.M. 1994. Dew Formation and Drying within a Maize Canopy, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 69: 367 - 378.

Jacobs, A.F.G., Van Pul, A., Van Dijk, A. 1994. Similarity moisture dew profiles within a corn canopy. J.Appl.Meteorol. 29: 1300 - 1306.

Jones, A.L. 1984. Role of wetting periods in predicting foliar disease. Pages 87-100 in: K.J. Leonard and W.E. Fry eds. Plant Disease Epidemiology, Vol I. MacMillan Pub. Co., NY.

Lau, Y, Gleason, M., Zriba, N., Taylor, E. and Hinz, P. (1997). Effects of coating, angle, and orientation on performance of wetness sensors during dew periods. Proceedings of the 13^th Annual Tomato Disease Workshop, Induianopolis, Indiana, pp22-24.

LeClerc, M.Y., Thurtell, G.W., and Gillespie, T.J. 1985. Laboratory simulation of evaporation of water droplets on artificial soybean leaves. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 36:105-111.

Lomas, J., and Shashoua, Y. 1970. The performance of three types of leaf wetness recorders. Agricultural Meteorology 7:159-166.

Magarey, R.D., Russo, J.M. and Seem, R.C. (Unpublished) A model as a theoretical standard for surface wetness duration: description and calibration under controlled environmental conditions.

Magarey, R.D., Seem, R.C. and Russo, J.M. (Unpublished) Evaluation of a proposed theoretical standard for surface wetness measurement in grape with on-site weather inputs.

Magarey, R.D., Seem, R.C., Zack, J.W., Waight, K.T. and Russo, J.M. (Unpublished) Evaluation of a proposed theoretical standard for surface wetness measurement in grape with off-site weather inputs.

Mahfouf, J., and Jacquemin, B. 1989. A study of rainfall interception using a land surface parameterization for mesoscale meteorological models. Journal of Applied Meteorology 28: 1282-1302.

Manobianco, J, Zack, J. W., and Taylor, G. E. 1996. Workstation-based real-time mesoscale modeling designed for weather support to operations at the Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Station. Bulletin American Meteorological Society 77:653-672.

Massman, W.J. 1980. Water storage on forest foliage: A general model. Water Resources Research 16:210-216.

Mills, W.D., and LaPlante, A.A. 1951. Diseases and Insects in the Orchard. Cornell Extension Bulletin 711:21-27.

Monteith, J.L. 1978. Resistance of a partially wet canopy: Whose equation fails? Boundary-Layer Meteorology 12:379-383.

Monteith, J.L., and Butler, D.R. 1979. Dew and thermal lag: a model for cocoa pods. Quarterly Journal Royal Meteorological Society 105:207-215.

Monteith, J.L., and Unsworth, M.H. 1990. Principles of Environmental Physics. Edward Arnold, New York. 842 pp.

Muller, W. 1992. Suitability of medium-range predictions of classical meteorological parameters and of the duration of leaf wetness for biometeorological forecasts. International Journal of Biometeorology 36:45-50.

Noilhan, J., and Planton, S. 1989. A simple parameterization of land surface processes for meteorological models. Monthly Weather Review 117:536-549.

Norman J.M., and Campbell, G. 1983. Application of a plant environment model to problems in the environment. Advances in Irrigation 2:155-188.

Orlandini, S., Gozzini, B., Maracchi, G.and Miglietta, F. 1991. Methods for leaf wetness estimation. Proceedings of the First International Workjshop on grape downy mildew modeling. R.C. Seem and D.G. Gadoury, eds. New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY.

Payen. D. 1983. Modélisation de l'épidemiologie de Sclerotinia sclerotium sur tournesol. Bulletin OEPP 13:277-281.

Pearson, R C., and Goheen, A.C. 1988. A Compendium of Grape Diseases. APS press, St Paul, MN. 93 pp.

Pedro, M.J., and Gillespie, T.J. 1982a. Estimating dew duration. I. Utilizing micrometeorological data. Agricultural Meteorology. 25:283-296.

Pedro, M.J., and Gillespie, T.J. 1982b. Estimating dew duration. II. Utilizing standard weather station data. Agricultural Meteorology. 25:297-310.

Penman, H.L. 1948. Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proceedings of the Royal Society A 193:120-145.

Penrose, L.J., and Nicol, H.J. 1996. Aspects of microclimate variation within apple tree canopies and between sites in relation to potential Venturia inequalis infection. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 24:59-266.

Portraz, K.J., Gleason, M.L., Hockmuth, M.L., Parker, S. K., and Pearston, G.A. 1994. Testing the accuracy and precision of wetness sensors in a tomato field and turfgrass. Journal of the Iowa Academy of Sciences. 101:56-60.

Post, J.J. 1959. De hydrograaf als bladnatschrijver. Versl. K. Ned. Meteorological Institute. 111:234.

Royer, M.H., Russo, J.M., and Kelley, J.G.W. 1989. Plant disease prediction using a mesoscale weather forecasting technique. Plant Disease 65:394-399.

Russo, J.M., Bass, D., and Bardosy, A. 1993. Uncertainty analysis of simulated weather information. pp 11-15. IN Bass, B. (Ed.). BAHC Focus 4: WEATHER GENERATOR PROJECT. Vol. I . BAHC Core Project Office. IGPP-ICSU, Institute for Meteorology, Free University, Berlin, Germany.

Rutter, A.J., Kershaw, K.A., Robins, P.C., and Morton, A.J. 1971. A predictive model of rainfall interception in forests. I. Derivation of the model from observations in a plantation of Corsican pine. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 9: 367-384.

Rutter, A.J., Morton, A.J., and Robbins, P.C. 1975. A predictive model of rainfall interception in forests. II. Generalization of the model and comparisons with some observations some coniferous and hardwood stands. Journal of Applied Ecology 12:367-380.

Sadler, E. J. 1996. Considerations for determining leaf wetness using infrared thermometry in humid regions. Proc. 12th Conf. On Biometeorology and Aerobiology. J1.3:6-7. American Meteorology Society, Boston, MA. 1996.

Scherm, H., and van Bruggen, A.H.C. 1993. Sensitivity of simulated dew duration to meteorological variations in different climatic regions of California. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 66:229-245.

Scherm, H., Koike, S.T., Laemmlen, F.F., and van Bruggen, A.H.C. 1995. Field evaluation of fungicide spray advisories against lettuce downy mildew Bremia lactucae based on measured or forecast morning leaf wetness. Plant Disease 79:511-516.

Schurer, K., and van der Wal, A.F. 1972. An electronic leaf wetness recorder. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 78:29-32.

Seem, R.C., Magnus, H.A., and Hjonnevaag, V. 1991. High resolution weather information for plant protection. EPPO Bulletin 21: 355-364.

Seem, R.C., Rubin, G., and Becker, C.J.. 1988. Duration of leaf wetting and drying periods in orchards. Phytopathology. 78:1571 (Abstr.).

Selllers, P.J., and Lockwood, J.G. 1981. A computer simulation model of the effects of the water balance of small catchements over long time periods. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorology Society 107: 395-414.

Shuttleworth, W.J. 1975. Experimental evidence for the failure of the Penman-Monteith equation in partially wet conditions. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 10:91-94.

Shuttleworth, W.J. 1976. A one-dimensional theoretical description of the vegetation-atmosphere interaction. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 10:273-302.

Shuttleworth, W.J. 1977. Comments on ‘Resistance of a partially wet canopy: Whose equation fails?’ Boundary-Layer Meteorology 12:385-286.

Shuttleworth, W.J. 1978. A simplified one-dimensional theoretical description of the vegetation-atmosphere interaction. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 14:3-27.

Shuttleworth, W.J. 1979. Below canopy fluxes in a simplified one-dimensional theoretical description of the vegetation-atmosphere interaction. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 17:315-331.

Shuttleworth, W.J., and Wallace, J.S 1985. Evaporation from sparse crops- an energy combination theory. Quarterly Journal of Meteorology 111:839-855.

Sutton, J.C. Gillespie, T.J., and Hildebrand, P.D. 1984. Monitoring weather factors in relation to plant disease. Plant Disease 68:78-84.

Tanner, C.B., and Fuchs, M. 1968. Evaporation from unsaturated surfaces: A generalized combination method. Journal of Geophysical Research 73:1299-1304.

Teklehaimanot, Z.., and Jarvis, P.G. 1991. Direct measurement of evaporation of intercepted water from forest canopies. Journal of Applied Ecology 28:603-618.

Thompson, N.E. 1982. The duration of leaf wetness. Meteorological Magazine 110:12-12.

Truxall, D.L., and Travis, J.W. 1994. Analysis of the accuracy of predicted weather data on the impact of apple disease management. Phytopathology 84:1124.

Wallin, J.R. 1963. Dew, its significance and measurement in phytopathology. Phytopathology 53:1210-1216.

Wanatabe, T., and Mizutani, K. 1996. Model study on micrometeorological aspects of rainfall interception over an evergreen broad-leaved forest. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 80:195-214.

Wanatabe, T., and Yamaguchi, I. 1992. Studies of wetting phenomena on plant leaf surfaces 3*: A retention model for droplets on solid surfaces. Pesticide Science 34:273-279

Weighong, L., and Goudriaan, J. 1991. Analysis of leaf wetness in the rice crop caused by dew formation a simulation study. EPPPO Bulletin 21:551-559

Weiss, A., and Hagan, A.F. 1983. Further experiments on the measurements of leaf wetness Agricultural Meteorology. 29:207-212.

Weiss, A., and Lukens, D.L. 1981. Electronic circuit for detecting leaf wetness and comparison of two sensors. Plant Disease 65:41-43.

Weiss, A., Lukens, D.L., and Steadman, J.R. 1988. A sensor for the direct measurement of leaf wetness: Construction techniques and testing under controlled conditions. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 43:241-249.

Weiss, A., Lukens, D.L., Norman, J.M., and Steadman, J.R. 1989. Leaf wetness in dry beans under semi-arid conditions. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 48:149-162.

Wells, W.C. 1814. An essay on dew and several appearances of it. T Davidson, London.

Westerman, P.W., Barrfield, B.J., Loewer, O.J., and Walker, J.W. 1976. Evaporative cooling of a partially-wet and transpiring leaf. II. Simulated effect of variations in environmental conditions, leaf properties, and surface water characteristics. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 76-2-13:889-893.

Wilson, T.B., Bland, W.L. and Norman, J.M. 1999. Measurement and simulation of dew accumulation and drying in a potato canopy. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 93:111-119.

Wigham, J.M. 1973. Interception. In ‘Handbook on the principles of hydrology’. D.M. Gray. ed. Canadian National Committee for the Hydrologic Decade.

Wittich, K.-P. 1993.  Ansätze zur Abschätzung der Blattbenetzungsdauer (Estimation of the leaf-wetness duration). DWD intern, 54, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach am Main, 44 pages

Zhang, Y., and Gillespie, T.J. 1990. Estimating maximum droplet wetness duration from nearby weather station data. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 51:148-158.

Zislawsky, W. 1964. Ein neues elektronisches Blattnässeregistriergerät (B.N.R.-Gerät) (A new electronic leaf-wetness sensor (B.N.R. sensor)). Pflanzenschutz-Ber., 31, 3-18