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<DIV ALIGN="center"><B><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE="5">Chapter 13 Beans
- Dry and Snap </FONT></B> </DIV>
<A NAME="varieties"></A>
<HR SIZE="2" noshade>
<P><B><FONT SIZE="4"> </FONT></B> </P>
<P><B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#CC0000">Recommended Varieties</FONT><FONT SIZE="4">
</FONT></B>
<P><B><FONT SIZE="3">Dry beans.</FONT></B><FONT SIZE="3"> Consider the
following varieties for the indicated dry bean classes. All have canned
well in our trials:</FONT>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT SIZE="3"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>Light
Red Kidney</U></FONT><U><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"></FONT></U><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">
- CELRK, Chinook, Red Kanner; </FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><U>Dark Red Kidney</U>
- Drake, Montcalm, Red Hawk;</FONT></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><U>Black Turtle
Soup</U> - Black Jack, Black Knight, Midnight, T39.</FONT> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<P> <FONT SIZE="3"><B><BR>
<FONT COLOR="#000000">Snap bean varieties.</FONT></B><FONT COLOR="#000000">
Listed in order of maturity within each class.</FONT> </FONT>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P> <FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"><U><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Fresh-market
green beans</FONT></U><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><BR>
</B> </FONT></FONT> </P>
<P> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Provider (BCMV)1</FONT>
<FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><BR>
Gator Green 15</FONT> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><BR>
Opus (RR)2</FONT> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><BR>
Strike (BCMV)</FONT> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><BR>
Derby</FONT> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><BR>
Eagle (BCMV)</FONT> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><BR>
Bronco</FONT> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><BR>
Roma II (Italian)</FONT> </P>
<P> <FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>Fresh-market
wax</U><B><BR>
</B>Gold Mine</FONT> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><BR>
Gold Kist</FONT> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><BR>
Indy Gold</FONT> </P>
<P> <FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>Processing</U>
<BR>
Use varieties recommended by processors.</FONT> </P>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">1: BCMV = Bean
Common Mosaic Virus tolerant</FONT> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><BR>
2: RR = Rust resistance</FONT> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><U></U></P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<A NAME="methods"></A>
<HR SIZE="2" noshade>
<P> </P>
<P> </P>
<P> </P>
<P><B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#CC0000">Planting Methods</FONT></B> </P>
<P> <FONT SIZE="3">Dry beans should be planted between May 20 and June
20. Insecticide-fungicide seed treatments assist early dry bean plantings,
but best germination occurs at soil temperatures of 60°F or above.
When weather and soil conditions permit, late-May and early-June plantings
often yield as much or more than plantings made in mid-June or later.
Optimal germination of snap bean seed occurs at soil temperatures of
75° to 80°F. The minimum temperatures at which snap bean germination
will occur are 55° to 60°F. For recommended spacing of dry and
snap beans, see <A HREF="#table13.1">Table 13.1</A>. </FONT>
<P> </P>
<P><A NAME="table13.1"></A> <FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif"><B>
</B></FONT> <FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"><B>
</B></FONT>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#FFFFFF" BORDERCOLORDARK="#FFFFFF">
<TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="100%" COLSPAN="4">
<HR SIZE="1" noshade>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="100%" COLSPAN="4"><B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#CC0000">Table
13.1 Recommended spacing of dry and snap beans.</FONT></B></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="100%" COLSPAN="4">
<HR SIZE="1" noshade>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD WIDTH="16%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><B>Type
of Bean</B></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1" COLOR="#000000"><B>Row<BR>
(in inches)</B>	</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1" COLOR="#000000"><B>In-row<BR>
(plants per foot)</B></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="49%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><B>Comments</B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="16%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Dry</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1" COLOR="#000000">28
- 32"</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1" COLOR="#000000">4
- 6</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="49%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Because
seed size varies greatly between varieties, make sure the proper
amount is planted. Red kidney classes require 75 to 100 pounds per
acre, whereas black turtle soup and navy/pea beans run at 35 to
40 pounds per acre. Adjust the plant rate for the percentage of
germination.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="16%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Snap</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="18%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1" COLOR="#000000">30
- 36"</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="17%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1" COLOR="#000000">5
- 7</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="49%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">If
closer row spacing and a higher plant population per acre is used,
a proportionately higher rate of fertilizer should be applied.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="100%" COLSPAN="4">
<HR SIZE="1" noshade>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
<P></P>
<P><FONT SIZE="3">Bean seed is sensitive to chilling injury when planted
in cold soil. It is particularly susceptible during the initial stage
of germination, which is referred to as imbibition. If the soil is cold
at this time, permanent damage may occur. If, however, imbibition occurs
under warm conditions, the seed can later tolerate cool soil temperatures
and still germinate normally. The most critical period is the first
24 hours after planting. Seed with low vigor is especially sensitive
to chilling injury, and dry seed is injured more easily than seed with
a higher moisture content. Increasing the moisture content of the seed
by placing it in an environment of high relative humidity for several
days before planting can help minimize injury. </FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE="3"> Planting dates for fresh-market and processing snap
beans are May 1 to July 25. The crop matures in 50 to 60 days, depending
on the specific variety and desired pod size. Only western-grown, certified,
dry and snap bean seed should be planted.<BR>
<BR>
</FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE="3"> A good rotation helps reduce the incidence of foliar
diseases and lowers the population of plant pathogens that cause root
rot. Corn and cereal grains are excellent rotation crops. If a field
with a previously noted root rot problem is to be planted to beans,
plant as late as possible in the season when the soil is warm. To allow
for adequate aeration and drainage of excess moisture, avoid compacting
the soil. Planting on raised beds or ridges will help reduce root rot
severity because the soil will be warmer and drier than the unridged
soil. Seed should be treated with recommended fungicides. </FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE="3"> Dry beans are not usually irrigated because of the
lower cash value of the crop relative to the cost for irrigation. Nevertheless,
one or two well-timed irrigations near blossom set and early pod fill
can increase yields significantly if the crop is undergoing drought
conditions. </FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE="3"> A deficiency of water in the plant resulting from a
lack of soil moisture or excessive transpiration can lead to deformed
or pithy snap bean pods. Both yield and quality can be increased by
irrigation before bloom and during pod enlargement if there is moisture
stress. Irrigation during bloom with guns that produce large droplets
is not advised because blossoms can be knocked off the plant. </FONT>
<P> <A NAME="fertility"></A>
<HR SIZE="2" noshade>
<P> </P>
<P><FONT SIZE="3"><B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#CC0000">Fertility</FONT></B>
</FONT>
<P> <FONT SIZE="3">Research in Geneva, New York has shown the special
fertilizer blend listed in <A HREF="#table13.2">Table 13.2</A> to be
especially beneficial to snap beans when used in a band at planting.
Ammonium sulfate will reduce the pH in the band at planting, increasing
the availability of zinc and manganese. On other soil types and at lower
pH, there may be no advantage over blends that do not contain ammonium
sulfate. Use lime to maintain a pH of 6.0 to 6.5. See <A HREF="#table13.3">Table
13.3</A> for the recommended rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
</FONT>
<P><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"><A NAME="table13.2"></A><BR>
</FONT>
<TABLE WIDTH="75%" BORDER="0" ALIGN="center">
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD COLSPAN="3">
<HR SIZE="1" noshade>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD COLSPAN="3"><B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#CC0000">Table 13.2 Special
fertilizer blend for snap beans. </FONT></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#CC0000">(12-26-11)</FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#CC0000"></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD COLSPAN="3">
<HR SIZE="1" noshade>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="BOTTOM">
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B>Pounds/ton</B></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B>Source
of N:P:K</B></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="-1"><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Approximate
ratio</FONT></B></FONT><FONT SIZE="-1"><BR>
<FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B>N:P2<B>0<B>5<B>:K<B>2<B>O</B></B></B></B></B></B></FONT></FONT>
</DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1">2000</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Total
per ton</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1">1000</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Monoammonium
phosphate</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">11:52:0</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1">250</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Ammonium
nitrate</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">34:0:0</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1">250</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Ammonium
sulfate </FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">21:0:0</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1">250</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Potassium
chloride </FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">0:0:62</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1">250</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Sulfate
of potash magnesia</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">0:0:22</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="3">
<HR SIZE="1" noshade>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"> </FONT> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
</FONT>
<P> <FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A NAME="table13.3"></A></FONT></B></FONT>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="8">
<HR SIZE="1" noshade>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="8"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#CC0000">Table
13.3 Recommended nutrients based on soil tests.<B><SUP>1,2</SUP></B></FONT></B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="42%" COLSPAN="8">
<HR SIZE="1" noshade>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><U>N
pounds/acre</U></B></FONT></TD>
<TD COLSPAN="3">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><U>Soil Phosphorus Level</U></B></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD COLSPAN="3">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><U>Soil Potassium Level</U></B></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="28%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><U>Comments</U></B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>low</U></FONT></B></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>med.</U></FONT></B></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>high</U></FONT></B></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>low</U></FONT></B></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>med.</U></FONT></B></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>high</U></FONT></B></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="28%"> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><B><I>40</I></B></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><I><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">80</FONT></B></I></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><I><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">60</FONT></B></I></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><I><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">40</FONT></B></I></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><I><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">60</FONT></B></I></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><I><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">40</FONT></B></I></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><I><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">20</FONT></B></I></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="28%"><I><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Total
recommended.</FONT></B></I></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">0</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">0</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">0</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">0</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">20</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">0</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">0</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="28%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Broadcast
and disk-in.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">40<SUP>3</SUP></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="14%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">80</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">60</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">40</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="10%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">40</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="13%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">40</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">20</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="28%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Band
place with planter.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="100%" COLSPAN="8">
<HR SIZE="1" noshade>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="100%" COLSPAN="8">
<DIV ALIGN="left"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">1:
If pH is <5.5, as in rotations with potatoes, or if the magnesium
soil test is <30, apply 5 pounds per acre magnesium in the
band at planting.</FONT> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
<BR>
2: If pH is 7 or higher, include 1 pound per acre of zinc and
manganese in the band at planting. After moderate or heavy applications
of lime, when fields have been newly tilled, or when erosion has
occurred exposing calcareous subsoil, apply 2 pounds per acre
of zinc and manganese.</FONT><BR>
3: <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> If nitrogen
deficiency is likely because of leached or waterlogged soil, apply
30 pounds per acre when plants have 2 or 3 true leaves.</FONT></FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> </FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
<A NAME="harvesting"></A>
<HR noshade SIZE="2">
<P> </P>
<P><FONT SIZE="3"><B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#CC0000">Harvesting</FONT></B></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="3">All processing and most fresh-market snap bean acreage
is harvested by machine. Processing snap beans are prepared relatively
soon after harvest. Fresh-market beans can be held for about one week
at 40° to 45°F and 90 to 95 percent relative humidity. </FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE="3"> Dry beans should be harvested when the plants reach
physiological maturity. If maturity is uneven, two chemical defoliants
are available to speedup dry-down of plants and pods. See <A HREF="#table13.4">Table
13.4</A>. Do not delay the harvest after the beans become mature because
Fall rains on mature beans cause sprouted or blemished seed. Colored
and white beans, except the black turtle soup class, darken rapidly
in the field after they are mature and subsequently lose marketability.
All varieties must be threshed carefully to prevent checked skins or
broken seeds. Seed damage at harvest is highly correlated with low seed
moisture and is least likely if moisture is 16 to 20 percent. At harvest
time, beans undergo many drying and rewetting processes daily. Thus,
the threshing cylinder on the combine should be adjusted frequently
to minimize seed damage from moisture changes. </FONT>
<P><FONT SIZE="3"> Dry beans should be handled as carefully and as little
as possible after harvest to reduce damage. Use inclined chutes, belts,
or bucket conveyors to move seeds, but avoid augers or free fall drops.
Because checking and cracking of seed coats increases during handling
as moisture content drops below 18 percent and rot problems are greater
when moisture is higher, beans should be dried to between 17 and 18
percent for storage. If a mechanical drier is used, care must be taken
not to dry the seed too quickly or the beans can be damaged. </FONT>
<P><A NAME="table13.4"></A><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3">
</FONT>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="5">
<HR noshade SIZE="1">
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="5"><B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#CC0000">Table 13.4 Compounds
for defoliation of dry beans.</FONT></B><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="5">
<HR noshade SIZE="1">
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>Common
name</I></FONT></TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Rate/A</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">PHI</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">REI</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Field</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<BLOCKQUOTE><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Trade
name</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Product</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">(days)</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">(hours)</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Use
EIQ</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>sodium
chlorate</I></FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD>
<BLOCKQUOTE><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">DeFol
6<BR>
6 lb/gal </FONT></BLOCKQUOTE>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">1
gal</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">7</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">12</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN="5"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Vine
defoliation can be accomplished by using the recommended rate in
5 to 10 gallons of water by air application or 10 to 20 gallons
of water by ground equipment. Thorough coverage is essential. Make
application 7 to 10 days before harvest, longer if temperatures
are below 60°F. Beans must be at least 75 percent physiologically
mature at time of treatment or yield and quality may suffer. To
determine maturity, scratch off the seed coat from the bean seed.
If it is white or pink underneath, it is mature; if it is green,
it is immature. Do not graze treated fields or feed treated fodder
to livestock.</FONT> <FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><BR>
</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>paraquat</I></FONT></TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD>
<BLOCKQUOTE><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">*Gramoxone
Extra<BR>
2.5 lb/gal</FONT> </BLOCKQUOTE>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">1-1.5
pt</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">7</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">12</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">26-39</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN="5"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Apply
with ground equipment using at least 20 gallons of water and 1 quart
per 100 gallons of spray mix. Apply when the crop is mature and
at least 80 percent of the pods are yellowing and mostly ripe with
no more than 40 percent (bush type) or 30 percent (vine type) of
the leaves still green. Split applications are acceptable, but do
not make more than two applications or exceed 1.5 pints per acre.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P> <A NAME="disease"></A>
<HR SIZE="2" noshade>
<P></P>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"> </FONT></P>
<P><B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#CC0000">Disease Management</FONT></B><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3" COLOR="#CC0000"><B></B></FONT><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"><B><BR>
</B></FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<P>
<CENTER>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" BGCOLOR="#CCCCCC">
<TR>
<TD>
<CENTER>
<B><FONT SIZE="3"><A HREF="http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ipmnet/ny/vegetables/vegfs/index.html" TARGET="_blank">Anthracnose</A>,
<I>Colletotrichum lindemuthianum</I></FONT><FONT SIZE="4"><I><BR>
</I></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="3">(Primarily affects dry beans)</FONT>
</CENTER>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P> </P>
</CENTER>
<P> <FONT SIZE="3"><B>Time for concern: </B>From open blossom on 30 to
70 percent of the plants through the end of harvest.</FONT> <BR>
<FONT SIZE="3"><B>Key characteristics:</B> Seedlings have dark brown
to black, sunken lesions on cotyledons and stems. Under moist conditions,
small, pink masses are produced in the lesions. On the pods, small,
reddish brown to black blemishes and distinct, circular, reddish brown
lesions are typical symptoms. A prolonged wet period is necessary for
the fungus to establish infection. The fungus is seed- or soilborne.
See Reference 1. </FONT>
<P>
<TABLE BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I><U>Management
Option</U> </I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><I><U>Recommendation</U>
</I></B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>Scouting/thresholds</I>
</FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Dry bean fields
should be scouted at least twice between midseason and harvest.
Record the occurrence and severity of anthracnose. No thresholds
have been established.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Resistant
varieties </I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Several races
of the fungus exist. Some varieties are resistant to one or more
races. The most common race in New York is the beta race. Consult
local extension agents to learn what varieties have shown resistance
to this race.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Crop
rotation</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Minimum two
to three year rotation.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Site
selection</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Select fields
with good air movement and water drainage.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Seed selection/treatment
</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Plant only
western-grown, certified seed. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Postharvest</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Crop debris
should be destroyed as soon as possible to remove this source of
disease for other plantings and to initiate decomposition. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Sanitation
</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Since the
fungus is disseminated in the presence of water, fields should not
be entered for cultivation or pesticide applications when plants
are wet.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="6">
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><B>Compound(s)</B><BR>
<U><I>Common name</I></U></FONT></P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><U>Trade
name</U> </FONT></P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">
</FONT><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Rate/A</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><BR>
<U>Product</U></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">PHI</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><BR>
<U>(days) </U></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">REI<BR>
</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><U>(hours)</U></FONT></P>
</TD>
<TD>
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Field<BR>
<U>Use </U></FONT><U><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">EIQ</FONT></U></P>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><U>Comments</U></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>chlorothalonil</I></FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">
</FONT></TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
<TD> </TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Bravo 720<BR>
6 lb/gal</FONT> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">1.38-2
pt </FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">14</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">48</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">47-68</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">For use on
dry beans only.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Bravo Ultrex<BR>
0.825 lb/lb</FONT> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">1.25-1.8
lb </FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">14</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">48</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">47-68</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">For use on
dry beans only.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN="6"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>maneb</I></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Maneb 75DF<BR>
0.75 lb/lb</FONT> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">1.5-2
lb </FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">30</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">24</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">72-96</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD> </TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Manex <BR>
4 lb/gal</FONT> </P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">1.2-1.6
qt </FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">30</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">24</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">57-76</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
<H3> </H3>
<DIV ALIGN="LEFT">
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0">
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCCCCC">
<TD>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="4"><B><FONT SIZE="3">Bacterial brown spot, <I>Pseudomonas
syringae </I>pv.<I> syringae;</I><BR>
Common bacterial blight, <I>Xanthomonas campestris</I> pv. <I>phaseoli;</I>
and<BR>
Halo blight, <I>Pseudomonas syringae </I>pv. <I>phaseolicola</I></FONT></B></FONT>
</CENTER>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P><FONT SIZE="3"></FONT></P>
<P> <FONT SIZE="3"><B>Time for concern: </B>From open blossoms on 30
to 70 percent of the plants through the end of harvest</FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="3"><B>Key characteristics: </B><U>Brown spot</U> - small,
brown spots, 3/25 to 8/25 inch in diameter, often with a narrow, diffuse,
pale margin, appear on leaves. Sunken, brown spots can form on the
pods. <U>Common bacterial blight</U> - light brown lesions of irregular
shape with distinct, bright yellow margins, 2/5 inch long, appear
on leaves. Spots form on the pods and enlarge into reddish brown lesions.
In humid weather, yellow bacteria may be present on the lesions. <U>Halo
blight</U> - small, water-soaked spots on the undersides of leaves
develop into numerous, small, reddish brown lesions with pale to yellow
margins or halos. Pod symptoms are similar to those of common blight.
See Reference 2. </FONT> </P>
</DIV>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="6">
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Compound(s)<BR>
<U><I>Common name</I></U></FONT></P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD WIDTH="14%">
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><U>Trade
name</U></FONT></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">
</FONT><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Rate/A</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><BR>
<U> Product </U></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">PHI</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><BR>
<U> (days) </U></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%">
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">REI<BR>
</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><U> (hours) </U></FONT></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="7%">
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Field<BR>
<U> Use </U></FONT><U><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">EIQ </FONT></U></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="67%">
<DIV ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><U>Comments</U></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="14%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><I>copper
compounds</I> </FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="7%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="67%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="14%">
<P>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Kocide 2000 or OLF</FONT>
</CENTER>
</P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%">
<CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">2.25 lb</FONT>
</CENTER>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%">
<CENTER>
-
</CENTER>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="4%">
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">24</FONT>
</CENTER>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="7%">
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">40</FONT>
</CENTER>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="67%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Good
control has been inconsistent. Label varies with manufacturer and
formulation. Early application when disease incidence is low may
reduce the spread of bacterial blights.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
<H3 ALIGN="LEFT"> </H3>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0">
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCCCCC">
<TD>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="4"><B><FONT SIZE="3">Botrytis gray mold, <I>Botrytis
cinerea</I></FONT><I> </I></B></FONT>
</CENTER>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P ALIGN="LEFT"> <B><FONT SIZE="3">Time for concern: </FONT></B><FONT SIZE="3">From
open blossoms on 30 to 70 percent of the plants through the end of harvest<BR>
<B>Key characteristics: </B>Gray mold develops in dense plant canopies
when the weather is warm and moist. Gray fungal structures produce spores
on the pods. This disease is worse in fields where leaves have mechanical
damage or pesticide injury. </FONT></P>
<FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"> <BR>
</FONT>
<TABLE BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><I><U>Management
Option</U> </I></B></FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><I><U>Recommendation</U>
</I></B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>Scouting/thresholds</I>
</FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">A reliable
forecasting system has not been developed for gray mold on beans.
However, here are a few helpful hints on the development of gray
mold. Gray mold tends to develop in dense plant canopies. The disease
tends to be worse in fields where leaves have mechanical damage
or pesticide injury, and where dead leaves are on the ground. The
fungus grows and produces spores on dead and living material. These
spores will subsequently infect bean pods. Gray mold tends to develop
when the weather is warm and moist. Botrytis cinerea can infect
many species of plants and is known to develop resistance to fungicides.
Many New York isolates are resistant to Benlate and Topsin M. A
few have even developed resistance to Ronilan. Begin scouting when
the first buds are showing. Record the occurrence and severity of
gray mold. See Reference 3. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD HEIGHT="14"><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Coverage</FONT></B></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="14"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The
best coverage can be obtained by using high gallonage (50 gallons
per acre minimum) and high pressure (100 to 200 psi). Use three
hollow-cone or full-cone nozzles per row mounted eight to ten inches
above the plants and angled toward them.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Resistant
varieties </I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">No resistant
varieties are available. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Crop rotation</FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Rotation should
be practiced. Grains and corn are good rotation crops. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Site
selection</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Avoid planting
in shaded areas and in small fields surrounded by trees; do not
plant in fields that drain poorly.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Planting</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Plant rows
in an east-west direction, and use wide row spacing (36 inches)
to promote drying of the soil and reduce moisture in the plant canopy.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Fertilization</FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Avoid over-fertilization.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Postharvest
</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Incorporate
infested debris immediately after harvest to hasten decomposition
of the material. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Seed selection/treatment<BR>
and Sanitation </I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">These are
not currently viable management options.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0">
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="6">
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><B>Compound(s)</B><BR>
<U><I>Common name</I></U></FONT></P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="bottom">
<TD WIDTH="23%">
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><U>Trade
name</U> </FONT></P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Rate/A</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><BR>
<U>Product</U></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">PHI</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><BR>
<U>(days) </U></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%">
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">REI<BR>
</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><U>(hours)</U></FONT></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Field<BR>
<U>Use <FONT COLOR="#000000">EIQ</FONT></U></FONT></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><U>Comments</U></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><I>benomyl
</I> </FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE="-1"></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"><FONT SIZE="-1"></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%"><FONT SIZE="-1"></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%"><FONT SIZE="-1"></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"><FONT SIZE="-1"></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%">
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Benlate
<BR>
0.5 lb/lb </FONT></P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">1.5-2
lb</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">14</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">24</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">52-70</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Not
effective where gray mold fungus has developed resistance to benzamidazoles.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN="6"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>chlorothalonil</I></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%">
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">BravoWeatherStik
6 lb/gal </FONT></P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">3
pt</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">7</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">48</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">75</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">For
use on snap beans only.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN="6"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>iprodione</I></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%">
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Rovral
<BR>
0.5 lb/lb </FONT></P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">1.5-2
lb</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">See
comments </FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">12</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">20-27</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%" ROWSPAN="2"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Maximum
of two applications per season. Last application may be no later
than peak bloom. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%">
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Rovral
4F <BR>
4 lb/gal</FONT></P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">1.5-2
lb</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">See
comments</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">12</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">17-22</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN="6"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>thiophanate-methyl</I></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%">
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Topsin
M 70W 0.7 lb/lb</FONT></P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">1.5-2
lb</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">14</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">12</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">54-72</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Not
effective where gray mold fungus has developed resistance to benzamidazoles.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN="6"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>thiophanate-methyl
+ iprodione</I></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%">
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Topsin
M 70W + Rovral</FONT></P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">0.7
lb <BR>
1 lb </FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">14</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">12</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">39</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">2(ee)
recommendation supported by quantitative efficacy data. In research
trials, the combination of Topsin M plus Rovral has resulted in
fair to good control of white and gray mold. This option is especially
suitable for growers with histories of both diseases in their fields.
Topsin M alone is not effective in fields where gray mold fungus
has developed resistance. The combination of Topsin M and Rovral
may provide control in such situations. Good spray coverage is essential
for control, thus aerial application is not recommended for this
combination.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD COLSPAN="6"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>vinclozolin</I></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%">
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Ronilan
DF 0.5 lb/lb</FONT></P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">1
lb</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">10</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="9%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">12</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="11%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">15</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Maximum
of two applications per season.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"> </FONT>
<P ALIGN="LEFT">
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" BGCOLOR="#CCCCCC">
<TR>
<TD>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="4"><B><FONT SIZE="3">Bean rust, <I>Uromyces appendiculatus</I></FONT></B></FONT>
</CENTER>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P ALIGN="left"><B><FONT SIZE="3">Time for concern:</FONT></B><FONT SIZE="3">
Early in the growing season<BR>
<B>Key characteristics:</B> Regular occurrence of dew favors infection
and development of severe epidemics. Bean rust is characterized by reddish
brown, circular pustules on leaves or pods. See Reference 4. </FONT></P>
<TABLE BORDER="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><I><U>Management
Option</U> </I></B></FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><I><U>Recommendation</U>
</I></B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>Scouting/thresholds</I>
</FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Record the
occurrence and severity of bean rust. No thresholds are available.
</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Resistant
varieties </I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The variety
Opus has shown resistance.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Crop
rotation</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">A minimum
one year rotation is recommended. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Site
selection</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Avoid areas
with poor air and soil-moisture drainage.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Postharvest</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Incorporate
infested debris immediately after harvest to hasten decomposition
of the material.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Seed selection/treatment,
<BR>
and Sanitation </I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">These are
not currently viable management options. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0">
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="6">
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><B>Compound(s)</B><BR>
<U><I>Common name</I></U></FONT></P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%">
<DIV>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><U>Trade
name</U> </FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Rate/A</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><BR>
<U>Product</U></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">PHI</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><BR>
<U>(days) </U></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">REI<BR>
</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><U>(hours)</U></FONT></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Field<BR>
<U>Use <FONT COLOR="#000000">EIQ</FONT></U></FONT></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><U>Comments</U></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><I>chlorothalonil</I>
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"> </TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%">
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Bravo
720<BR>
6lb/gal</FONT></DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%">
<DIV ALIGN="center">
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">1.38 pt
snap <BR>
1.38-2 pt dry</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">7
snap <BR>
14 dry </FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">48<BR>
48 </FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">34<BR>
34-50</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"> </TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%">
<DIV>
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Bravo
Ultrex <BR>
0.825 lb/lb</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%">
<DIV ALIGN="center">
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">1.25-2.7
lb snap <BR>
1.38-2 pt dry</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">7
snap <BR>
14 dry </FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">48<BR>
48 </FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">34<BR>
34-50</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"> </TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>maneb</I></FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">
</FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"> </TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%">
<DIV>
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Maneb
75DF<BR>
0.75 lb/lb</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%">
<DIV ALIGN="center">
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">1.5-2 lb</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">30
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">24
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">72-96</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">For
use on dry beans only.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%">
<DIV ALIGN="center">
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Maneb
80 <BR>
WP 0.8 lb/lb</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%">
<DIV ALIGN="center">
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">1.5-2 lb</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">30
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">24
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">77-103</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">For
use on dry beans only.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%">
<DIV ALIGN="center">
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Manex
<BR>
4 lb/gal</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%">
<DIV ALIGN="center">
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">1.2-1.6
qt</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">30
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">24
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">57-76</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">For
use on dry beans only.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"> </FONT>
<H3> </H3>
<CENTER>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0">
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCCCCC">
<TD>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="4"><B><FONT SIZE="3"><A HREF="http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ipmnet/ny/vegetables/vegfs/index.html" TARGET="_blank">Root
rot</A> and damping-off</FONT></B></FONT> <BR>
<FONT SIZE="3">There are four pathogenic fungi, <I>Pythium,
Rhizoctonia, Thielaviopsis,</I> and <I>Fusarium,</I> <BR>
and a plant-parasitic nematode, <I>Pratylenchus,</I> that are
often found attacking bean roots and causing yield losses.</FONT>
</CENTER>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P ALIGN="LEFT"><B>Time for concern: </B>Planting through end of bloom
stage<BR>
<B>Key characteristics: </B>Pythium is seen early in the season when
it causes rotting of seeds and damping-off of young seedlings. In
older plants, it causes reduction and discoloration of the root system.
Rhizoctonia produces reddish brown, sunken lesions on the stem and
tap root, and is generally favored by warm, soil conditions. Thielaviopsis
is often referred to as black root rot because the elongated lesions
on the stems and roots are dark brown to charcoal. Fusarium rot causes
longitudinal, brick red lesions on the stem and tap root. Lesion nematodes
cause brown lesions on small roots which result in general discoloration
and reduction of roots. However, the symptoms on infected plants are
not characteristic, but infection by these and other nematodes may
predispose plants to damage by other pathogens. See References 3 and
5.</P>
<DIV ALIGN="LEFT"> <FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3">
</FONT> </DIV>
</CENTER>
<TABLE BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I><U>Management
Option</U> </I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><I><U>Recommendation</U>
</I></B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>Scouting/thresholds</I>
</FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Record the
occurrence, type, and severity of root rot. No thresholds are available.
</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Resistant
varieties </I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">All commercially
acceptable varieties are susceptible, but a number yield better
under severe root rot. Check with your county extension agent for
more information.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Crop
rotation</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Rotate away
from vegetables. One or two years with a grain crop such as barley,
oats, rye, wheat, or corn will prevent severe root rot development
when practiced on relatively clean fields; longer rotations are
necessary in heavily infested fields. A cropping sequence involving
clover, alfalfa, or other forage crop is also beneficial. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Site
selection</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">A soil-indexing
procedure that differentiates relatively pathogen-free fields from
those with severe root rot problems is available. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Seed selection/treatment</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Select vigorous,
disease-free seeds. Use seed treated with Apron plus <I>captan</I>
or <I>chloroneb</I>. Apron is effective only against species of
Pythium and Phytophthora. <I>Chloroneb</I> is especially active
against Rhizoctonia. <I>Captan</I> provides protectant activity
against a broad spectrum of fungi. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Soil
treatment</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Breaking hard
pans, plowing deep, and planting on raised ridges or beds will reduce
root rot severity.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Cover
Crop</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">A crop of
barley, rye grain, rye grass, Sudan grass, wheat, oats, and others
when plowed under as a green manure or dry residue in the spring
is beneficial. Allow enough time for decomposition prior to planting.
In wet years, this practice may increase slug damage and affect
stand establishment. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Planting</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Heavily infested
fields should be planted shallow and late. Plantings exhibiting
symptoms of severe root rot damage will benefit from a shallow cultivation
not too close to the stems. Also, covering the lower stem tissues
with soil will promote further root formation and reduce root rot
damage. However, the latter should be done on an emergency basis,
as this practice has been observed to increase foliar infections
with Rhizoctonia.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Postharvest</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Crop debris
should be plowed down to initiate decomposition. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Sanitation
</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">This is not
a currently viable management option. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P ALIGN="LEFT">
<P ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"><BR>
</FONT>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0">
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCCCCC">
<TD>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="4"><B><FONT SIZE="3"><A HREF="http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ipmnet/ny/vegetables/vegfs/index.html" TARGET="_blank">Sclerotinia
white mold</A>, <I>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum </I></FONT></B></FONT>
</CENTER>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"><B><I>
</I></B></FONT>
<P> <B>Time for concern: </B>From open blossoms on 30 to 70 percent of
the plants through the end of harvest<BR>
<B>Key characteristics: </B>On snap beans, white fungus grows in clumps.
As the fungus grows, hard, dark structures form among the fungal strands.
On stems, infections appear as bleaching of stem tissue followed by
clumpy, fungal growth on pods. See Reference 6. <FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"><BR>
</FONT>
<TABLE BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD><B><I><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>Management
Option</U> </FONT></I></B></TD>
<TD><B><I><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>Recommendation</U>
</FONT></I></B></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD><B><I><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Scouting/thresholds
</FONT></I></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Follow the
white mold forecasting system in Reference 3. Begin spray applications
when white mold is detected.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Note(s)</FONT></I></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">White mold
tends to develop in dense, plant canopies. The disease tends to
be worse in fields where leaves have mechanical damage or pesticide
injury, and where dead leaves are on the ground. The fungus grows
and produces spores on dead and living material. These spores will
subsequently infect bean pods. White mold tends to develop when
the weather is warm and moist. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Coverage
</FONT></I></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The best coverage
can be obtained by using high gallonage (50 gallons per acre minimum)
and high pressure (100 to 200 psi). Use three hollow-cone or full-cone
nozzles per row mounted eight to ten inches above the plants and
angled toward them. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Resistant
Varieties</FONT></I></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">No resistant
varieties are available.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Crop
rotation</FONT></I></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">If there is
a field history of white mold, beans should not be preceded by a
bean, tomato, potato, lettuce, or crucifer crop. Grains and corn
are good rotation crops. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Site
selection</FONT></I></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Avoid planting
in shaded areas and in small fields surrounded by trees; do not
plant in fields that drain poorly or have a history of severe white
mold.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Planting</FONT></I></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Plant rows
in an east-west direction and use wide row spacing, 36 inches, to
promote drying of the soil and reduce moisture in the plant canopy.
</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Fertilization</FONT></I></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Avoid over
fertilization.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> Seed selection/treatment,<BR>
Postharvest, and<BR>
Sanitation</FONT></I></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">These are
not currently viable management options. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><BR>
</FONT>
<H3 ALIGN="LEFT"> </H3>
<H3 ALIGN="LEFT"> </H3>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" BGCOLOR="#CCCCCC">
<TR>
<TD>
<CENTER>
<B><FONT SIZE="3"><A HREF="http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ipmnet/ny/vegetables/vegfs/index.html" TARGET="_blank">Bean
common mosaic virus</A> (BCMV)</FONT><FONT SIZE="4"><BR>
</FONT> </B> <FONT SIZE="3">BCMV is spread by seed and the following
aphids - bean aphid, <I>Aphis fabae;</I> cowpea aphid, <I>Aphis
craccivora; </I><BR>
pea aphid, <I>Acyrthosiphon pisum;</I> potato aphid, <I>Macrosiphum
euphorbiae;</I> and green peach aphid, <I>Myzus persicae.</I>
</FONT>
</CENTER>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P ALIGN="LEFT"><B>Time for concern:</B> <BR>
<B>Key characteristics: </B>Symptoms consist of green mosaic and downward
cupping along the main vein of each leaflet. Green veinbanding, blistering,
and malformation are common in leaves of the same plant. Plants are
small, and pods may be mottled and malformed. BCMV symptoms are persistent.
See References 3 and 7.<FONT SIZE="3"></FONT> </P>
<FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"><BR>
</FONT>
<P>
<TABLE BORDER="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD><B><I><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>Management
Option</U> </FONT></I></B></TD>
<TD><B><I><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>Recommendation</U>
</FONT></I></B></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><B><I>Scouting/thresholds</I></B>
</FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Record the
occurrence and severity of BCMV. No thresholds are available.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I><B>Resistant
varieties </B></I></FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Eagle, Provider,
and Strike varieties show resistance to BCMV.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I><B>Seed
selection/treatment</B></I></FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Plant certified,
disease-free seed.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I><B>Crop
rotation,<BR>
Site selection,<BR>
Postharvest, and<BR>
Sanitation</B></I></FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">These are
not currently viable management options.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I><B>Compound(s)
</B></I></FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">No pesticides
are available to manage BCMV. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P> </P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0">
<TR BGCOLOR="#CCCCCC">
<TD>
<CENTER>
<B><FONT SIZE="3"><A HREF="http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ipmnet/ny/vegetables/vegfs/index.html" TARGET="_blank">Bean
yellow mosaic virus</A> (BYMV)</FONT><FONT SIZE="4"><BR>
</FONT> </B> <FONT SIZE="3">BYMV is spread by the following aphids
- bean aphid, <I>Aphis fabae;</I> cowpea aphid, <I>Aphis craccivora;</I>
pea aphid, <BR>
<I>Acyrthosiphon pisum;</I> potato aphid, <I>Macrosiphum euphorbiae;</I>
and green peach aphid, <I>Myzus persicae.</I></FONT>
</CENTER>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P ALIGN="left"><B>Time for concern:</B> <BR>
<B>Key characteristics: </B>Symptoms consist of leaf mosaic formed by
contrasting yellow or green mosaic areas. Pods generally are not affected,
but the number of seeds per pod may be reduced. See References 3 and
7.<FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif"></FONT></P>
<FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"> </FONT>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="23%"><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I><U>Management
Option</U> </I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD WIDTH="77%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><I><U>Recommendation</U>
</I></B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%"><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>Scouting/thresholds</I>
</FONT></B></TD>
<TD WIDTH="77%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Record
the occurrence and severity of BYMV. No thresholds are available.
</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%"><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Resistant
varieties </I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD WIDTH="77%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">No
resistant varieties are available.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%"><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Site
selection</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD WIDTH="77%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Plant
late-season fields as far away from existing bean or cucurbit fields
as possible.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%"><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Sanitation
</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD WIDTH="77%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">BYMV
does not persist in plant debris, in the soil, or on equipment.
Eliminate weed hosts. A weed-free zone around fields may reduce
incidence of BYMV. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%"><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Crop
rotation, seed selection/treatment, and Postharvest</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD WIDTH="77%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">These
are not currently viable management options.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%"><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Compounds</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD WIDTH="77%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">No
pesticides are available to manage BYMV. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P ALIGN="left"> </P>
<P ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"> </FONT>
</P>
<H3 ALIGN="LEFT"> </H3>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" BGCOLOR="#CCCCCC">
<TR>
<TD>
<CENTER>
<FONT COLOR="#E7E7E7" SIZE="4"><B><FONT COLOR="#000000" SIZE="3"><A HREF="http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ipmnet/ny/vegetables/vegfs/index.html" TARGET="_blank">Clover
yellow vein virus</A> (CYVV) spread by aphids </FONT></B></FONT>
</CENTER>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P ALIGN="LEFT"><B>Time for concern:</B> <BR>
<B>Key characteristics: </B>In addition to deforming pods, this virus
also causes a prominent yellow mosaic, malformation, and reduction in
plant size. See References 3 and 7.</P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="23%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><I><U>Management
Option</U> </I></B></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="77%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><I><U>Recommendation</U>
</I></B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%"><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>Scouting/thresholds</I>
</FONT></B></TD>
<TD WIDTH="77%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Record
the occurrence and severity of CYVV. No thresholds are available.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%"><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Resistant
varieties </I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD WIDTH="77%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">No
resistant varieties are available.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%"><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Crop
rotation, Site selection, Seed selection/treatment, Postharvest,
and Sanitation </I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD WIDTH="77%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">These
are not currently viable management options.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="23%"><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Compound(s)</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD WIDTH="77%"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">No
pesticides are available to manage CYVV. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"> </FONT>
</P>
<H3 ALIGN="LEFT"> </H3>
<H3 ALIGN="LEFT"> </H3>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" BGCOLOR="#CCCCCC">
<TR>
<TD>
<CENTER>
<B><FONT SIZE="3"><A HREF="http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ipmnet/ny/vegetables/vegfs/index.html">Cucumber
mosaic virus</A> (CMV) spread by seeds and aphids</FONT></B>
</CENTER>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P ALIGN="LEFT"><B>Time for concern:</B> <BR>
<B>Key characteristics: </B>Symptoms consist of leaf curl, green mottle,
blistering, and a zipperlike rugosity along the main veins involving
only a few leaves. Symptoms resemble those for BCMV, but plants infected
with CMV generally recover and resume normal growth. See References
3 and 7.</P>
<TABLE BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><I><U>Management
Option</U> </I></B></FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><I><U>Recommendation</U>
</I></B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>Scouting/thresholds</I>
</FONT></B></TD>
<TD>Record the occurrence and severity of CMV. No thresholds are available.
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Resistant
varieties </I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD>No resistant varieties are available.</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Site
selection</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD>Avoid planting near weedy border areas.</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Sanitation
</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD>CMV does not persist in plant debris, in the soil, or on equipment.
Eliminate weed hosts. A weed-free zone around fields may reduce
incidence of CMV. </TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Crop
rotation,<BR>
Seed selection/treatment,<BR>
and Postharvest</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD>These are not currently viable management options. </TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Compounds</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD>No pesticides are available to manage CMV. </TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<A NAME="insect"></A>
<HR SIZE="2" noshade>
<P> </P>
<P> </P>
<P><B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#CC0000">Insect Management</FONT></B></P>
<FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"> </FONT>
<H3 ALIGN="LEFT"> </H3>
<H3 ALIGN="LEFT"> </H3>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" BGCOLOR="#CCCCCC">
<TR>
<TD>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="4"><B><FONT SIZE="3">Mexican bean beetle, <I>Epilachna
varivestis mulsant</I></FONT></B></FONT>
</CENTER>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P ALIGN="LEFT"><B>Time for concern:</B> June through harvest<BR>
<B>Key characteristics: </B>This is one of the few species of lady beetles
that is a pest. Adults are 1/4 inch long, convex, and oval in form.
They vary in color from yellow when newly emerged to a coppery brown
when mature. Each wing has eight black dots in three rows across the
back. Eggs are orange to yellow in color and deposited in groups of
40 to 50 on the underside of leaves. Larvae are yellow, and the bodies
are covered with six rows of long, black-tipped spines. Feeding by adults
and larvae results in the skeletonizing of leaves. See Reference 8.</P>
<TABLE BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><I><U>Management
Option</U> </I></B></FONT></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><B><I><U>Recommendation</U>
</I></B></FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>Scouting/thresholds</I>
</FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Monitor fields
by scouting first for adults, then eggs, and finally larvae. Because
populations vary within a field and between fields in an area, it
is difficult to determine when population numbers present a threat.
Control can be obtained with one treatment. See Reference 3.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Natural
Enemies</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Natural enemies
such as parasitic flies, wasps, and predators help to control Mexican
flea beetle populations. An imported parasitoid, Pebiobus foveolatus,
has successfully managed these beetles. The parasitoid does not
overwinter successfully, so it must be reared and released each
year. Natural enemies can be preserved by using pesticides that
are less harmful to them. Use Reference 9 for identification of
other natural enemies. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Trap
Crop </I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Early-planted
trap crops attract overwintered beetles to the field where parasitoids
can be introduced for seasonal suppression. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Resistant varieties
</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">No resistant
varieties are available.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Resistant varieties</FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">After harvest,
plow under the infested crop to destroy overwintering beetles. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I> Crop
rotation,<BR>
Site selection, and <BR>
Sanitation</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">These are
not currently viable management options. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0">
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN="6">
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><B>Compound(s)</B><BR>
<U><I>Common name</I></U></FONT></P>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="bottom">
<DIV>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><U>Trade
name</U> </FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%" VALIGN="bottom">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Rate/A</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><BR>
<U>Product</U></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="bottom">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">PHI</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><BR>
<U>(days) </U></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="bottom">
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">REI<BR>
</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><U>(hours)</U></FONT></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="bottom">
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Field<BR>
<U>Use <FONT COLOR="#000000">EIQ</FONT></U></FONT></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%" VALIGN="bottom">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000"><U>Comments</U></FONT></DIV>
</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>acephate</I></FONT><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">
</FONT></I></TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"> </TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%">
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Orthene
75S<BR>
0.75 lb/lb</FONT></DIV>
</DIV>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%">
<DIV ALIGN="center">
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">0.67-1.3
lb</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">14
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">24
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">9-18</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Do
not feed treated vines. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>carbaryl</I></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"> </TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%">
<DIV>
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Sevin
80S<BR>
0.8 lb/lb</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%">
<DIV ALIGN="center">
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">0.63-1.25
lb</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">3
snap<BR>
21 dry </FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">12
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">12-23</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Observe
plant response precautions. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%">
<DIV>
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Sevin
XLR Plus <BR>
4 lb/gal</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%">
<DIV ALIGN="center">
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">0.5-1 qt</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">3
snap<BR>
21 dry </FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">12
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">10-20</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Observe
plant response precautions. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>dimethoate</I></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"> </TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%">
<DIV ALIGN="center">
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Dimethoate
400<BR>
4 lb/gal</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%">
<DIV ALIGN="center">
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">0.5-1 pt</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">0
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">48</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">16-32</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Do
not apply when the crop is in bloom. Do not feed treated vines.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>methomyl</I></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"> </TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%" HEIGHT="33">
<DIV ALIGN="center">
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">*Lannate<BR>
0.9 lb/lb</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%" HEIGHT="33">
<DIV ALIGN="center">
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">0.25-1
lb</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%" HEIGHT="33">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">See
comments </FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%" HEIGHT="33">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">48</FONT><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%" HEIGHT="33">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">7-30</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%" HEIGHT="33"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">PHI
(in days): 1 for <0.5 lb, snap; 3 for >0.5 lb, snap; 14 dry. Do
not feed forage vines within 3 days or cut for hay within 7 days.
</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>methyl
parathion </I></FONT></TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%"> </TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"> </TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD WIDTH="15%">
<DIV ALIGN="center">
<P ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">*Penncap-M
<BR>
2 lb/gal</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%">
<DIV ALIGN="center">
<P><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">2 pt</FONT></P>
</DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">3
snap<BR>
15 dry </FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" COLOR="#000000">48
</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="8%">
<DIV ALIGN="center"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">16</FONT></DIV>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH="40%"><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1">Do
not apply from 7 days prior to bloom through peak bloom. Do not
contaminate flowering weeds. No more than 3 applications per season
on snap beans. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P ALIGN="left"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"> </FONT>
</P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT">
<H3 ALIGN="LEFT"> </H3>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" BGCOLOR="#CCCCCC">
<TR>
<TD>
<CENTER>
<B><FONT SIZE="3">Potato leafhopper (PLH), <I>Empoasca fabae</I></FONT></B><FONT SIZE="3"><BR>
</FONT> <FONT SIZE="3">(Affects both dry and snap beans)</FONT>
</CENTER>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<H3 ALIGN="LEFT"><B></B></H3>
<B> </B>
<P ALIGN="LEFT"><B>Time for concern: </B>Early June through prebloom<BR>
<B>Key characteristics: </B>The adult is wedge-shaped, iridescent green
in color, and 1/8 inch long. The body is widest at the head. Eggs are
laid singly on the underside of leaves. Both adults and nymphs are very
active, running forwards, backwards, or sideways. The symptoms produced
by feeding have been termed "hopperburn." The first sign of
hopperburn is whitening of the veins. These areas become flaccid and
yellow in color, then desiccate, turn brown, and die. Leaf curling may
occur. The entire process takes four to five days. See Reference 10.
<P>
<CENTER>
<TABLE BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD><B><I><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>Management
Option</U> </FONT></I></B></TD>
<TD><B><I><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>Recommendation</U>
</FONT></I></B></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>Scouting/thresholds</I>
</FONT></B></TD>
<TD>Check for the presence of adult potato leafhoppers by using
a sweep net or by placing yellow, sticky traps near field edges.
Nymphs are best sampled by visual examination of the undersides
of leaves on the lower half of the plant. Kidney bean yields are
most likely to be reduced by potato leafhoppers up to blossom
time. During prebloom, treat when more than two nymphs are found
per trifoliate leaf or when the number of adults exceed 100 per
20 sweeps. Snap beans will tolerate similar numbers of potato
leafhoppers before yields are reduced. On newly emerged beans,
much lower insect populations than those mentioned above may be
damaging. See Reference 3.</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Natural enemies</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD>Although a variety of natural enemies of potato leafhoppers
have been reported, their impact on infestations is not well known.
Use Reference 9 for identification of natural enemies. </TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Resistant varieties
</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD>The kidney bean variety Redkloud is more tolerant to PLH feeding
than the California Light Red variety. The snap bean variety Labrador
appears to have noticeable tolerance to potato leafhoppers while
Tenderlake has shown some sensitivity. </TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Crop
rotation, <BR>
Site selection, <BR>
Postharvest, and <BR>
Sanitation</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD>These are not currently viable management options. </TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P> </P>
<P> </P>
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" BGCOLOR="#CCCCCC">
<TR>
<TD>
<CENTER>
<B><FONT SIZE="3">Seedcorn maggot, <I>Delia platura</I></FONT><I><BR>
</I></B><FONT SIZE="3">(Affects both dry and snap beans)</FONT>
</CENTER>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P ALIGN="LEFT"><B><FONT SIZE="3">Time for concern: </FONT></B><FONT SIZE="3">Seed
sprouting through emergence<BR>
</FONT> <FONT SIZE="3"><B>Key characteristics: </B>Adult flies are
slender, 1/4 inch long, and grayish black in color. Maggots are yellowish
white. Infested seeds and other plant parts are hollowed out. Damaged
plants are weak and may not develop. Stand may be poor. See References
3 and 11. <FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif"> </FONT></FONT><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3">
</FONT> </P>
</CENTER>
<FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"> </FONT>
<TABLE BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD><B><I><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>Management
Option</U> </FONT></I></B></TD>
<TD><B><I><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>Recommendation</U>
</FONT></I></B></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><I>Scouting/thresholds</I>
</FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">No thresholds
are available.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Resistant varieties
</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Snap beans
are particularly susceptible. A garden variety of snap beans, Spartan
Arrow, is tolerant to seedcorn maggot damage.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Planting
Date</FONT></I></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Delay planting
until the first generation maggots are pupating and no longer able
to damage seed. In New York, this occurs around June 10.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><I><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Site
selection/preparation</FONT></I></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Root maggots
prefer soil with high organic matter. Do not spread manure directly
before planting, and incorporate crop residues well before planting.
Shallow planting and other means to speed up germination and emergence
will reduce damage.</FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Seed selection/treatment</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Treat seed
with an insecticide and fungicide** or purchase treated seed. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><B><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I> Crop
rotation,<BR>
Postharvest, and<BR>
Sanitation</I></FONT></B></TD>
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">These are
not currently viable management options. </FONT></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
<P>
<CENTER>
<P> </P>
<DIV ALIGN="LEFT">
<TABLE WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" BGCOLOR="#CCCCCC">
<TR>
<TD>
<CENTER>
<FONT SIZE="4"><B><FONT SIZE="3"><A HREF="http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ipmnet/ny/vegetables/vegfs/index.html">European
corn borer</A> (ECB), <I>Ostrinia nubilalis </I></FONT></B></FONT>
</CENTER>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P><B>Time for concern: </B>Early-bud stage until seven days before
harvest<BR>
<B>Key characteristics: </B>The eggs are laid in scale-like masses
on the undersides of leaves. The larvae are gray with rows of brown
spots. The head capsule is dark brown. Larvae are 3/4 inch long
when fully developed. The adult is a yellowish to reddish brown
moth, about one inch in length. See Reference 12.<FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"><BR>
</FONT> </P>
</DIV>
</CENTER>
<P ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, Times, serif" SIZE="3"> </FONT>
<TABLE BORDER="0">
<TR>
<TD><B><I><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>Management
Option</U> </FONT></I></B></TD>
<TD><B><I><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><U>Recommendation</U>
</FONT></I></B></TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><FONT FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" SIZE="-1"><B><I>Scouting/thresholds</I></B>
</FONT></TD>
<TD>Where the ECB has been a problem, treat beans while in the vulnerable
stage with up to three applications. First, spray at prebloom. Second,
spray at late blossom. Third, spray at early podding, but not closer
than seven days to harvest. If white mold is a problem, combine
the fungicide and insecticide sprays. Be sure to read the chemical
labels first to be sure your combination is legal. See References
3 and 13.</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I>Natural
Enemies</I></FONT></TD>
<TD>A variety of natural enemies help suppress ECB populations including
predatory lady beetles, minute pirate bugs and lacewings, and fly
and wasp parasitoids. Natural enemies can be preserved using pesticides
that are less harmful to them. Use Reference 9 for identification
of natural enemies.</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I><B>Resistant varieties
</B></I></FONT></TD>
<TD>No resistant varieties are available.</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I><B>Crop
rotation</B></I></FONT></TD>
<TD>Avoid planting in or near fields that had corn the previous year.</TD>
</TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><I><B>Site
selection,<BR>
Postharvest, and <BR>
Sanitation</B></I></FONT></TD>
]]>